456 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 112 



The pipe is thus basically tubular in shape and gracefully carved to 

 represent the neck, head, and bill of a shoveler duck. The two 

 countersunk holes, representing eye sockets, could have been filled 

 with a perishable substance to represent the pupils. The relatively 

 flat, expanded bill served as the mouthpiece. The circular bore runs 

 to within % inch from the mouthpiece, where the hole is reduced 

 from % inch to an elliptical opening of jU inch. 



Straight tubular effigy pipes have also been found in other Adena 

 mounds. The most famous one is the human effigy pipe, found by 

 Mills in 1901 in the Adena Mound on Governor Worthington's estate 

 near Chillicothe, Ohio. This pipe is reproduced here (plate 3) through 

 the kindness of Raymond S. Baby of the Ohio State Museum. It 

 was carved from multicolored Ohio pipestone also in the form of a 

 straight tube and represents the body of an achondroplastic (chondro- 

 dystrophic) dwarf, as is apparent from the short heavy-set muscular 

 torso, stubby arms and legs, enlarged head, and swollen (goiter) neck. 

 This pipe has been regarded by both archeologists and artists as one 

 of the sculptured masterpieces of American Art. Until now, it was 

 the only effigy pipe ever described from an Adena Mound. 



Soon after the Welcome Mound pipe was discovered, a cast of a 

 similar duck effigy pipe was located in the Division of Archeology of 

 the Ohio State Museum. The original, now in the Dayton Museum of 

 Natural History, was reported found in loose dirt while the Englewood 

 Mound, near Dayton, Ohio, was being levelled by a bull-dozer during 

 the building of a dam in the early 1930's. The pipe is illustrated 

 here (plate 4) by permission of Mr. E. J. Koestner, Director of the Day- 

 ton Museum. The length is Qji inches, the diameter of the neck is 

 % inch, and the widest part of the bill is 1% inches. The length 

 from the end of the neck to the center of the eye socket is exactly 

 4 inches, the same length as the Welcome Mound pipe. 



Two effigy pipes were uncovered in the excavation of a mound in 

 Sayler Park, Cincinnati, Ohio, by the Cincinnati Museum of Natural 

 History. One is a well-proportioned clay effigy of an aquatic bird 

 and was found in association with one of the burials. The director 

 of the Cincinnati Museum of Natural History, Mr. Ralph Dury, very 

 kindly sent me photographs of this pipe, as well as of another that 

 represents the head of a wolf. These pipes were excavated under the 

 supervision of Dr. James Kellar and S. Frederick Starr and are re- 

 produced here (plate 4) by permission of Mr. Dury. On the basis of 

 these and other artifacts recovered, we must assume that Sayler Park 

 Mound was also built over the interred bodies of Adena people. 



Since straight-tubular effigy pipes were made exclusively by the 

 Adena, they are a diagnostic culture trait of these people. The 

 carving of objects as artistic as these pipes certainly represents an 



