622 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 112 



Lb. At anterior end of anal series of photophores, no light organ is located high 

 above the general line of other organs as in la.; minute teeth present on 

 vomer but absent on palatines. 

 Oa. Anal photophores four. 



7a. Posttemporal spine, long, strong and with two strong spines 

 basally; posterior bony edges of both supracleithrum and 

 preopercle serrated. (Philippine Islands, in the Pacific 



Ocean.) fraseri Fowler 



7b. Posttemporal spine, simple and very short; posterior bony edges 

 of supracleithrum and preopercle smooth. (Japan, in the 



Pacific Ocean.) japonicus, new species 



6b. Anal photophores 10 to 17. 



8a. Gill rakers on first arch 4 or 5 + 6 to 8 totaling 10 to 12; post- 

 temporal spine, long, slender, simple, its length greater than 

 diameter of pupil; greatest depth of body about twice in stand- 

 ard length; space between anal and subcaudal groups of photo- 

 phores shorter than width of 3 subcaudal organs. (Philip- 

 pine Islands, in the Pacific Ocean.) .... unispinus Schultz 

 8b. Number of gill rakers on first gill arch 6 to 10 + 12 to 18 total- 

 ing 18 to 28. 

 9a. Posttemporal spine very short, strong, its length shorter than 

 diameter of pupil. 

 10a. Number of gill rakers on first arch total 21 to 24; width of 

 subcaudal group of photophores into the distance between 

 anal and subcaudal groups 1.0 to 1.5 times. (Hawaiian 



Islands, in the Pacific Ocean.) nuttingi Gilbert 



1 0b. Number of gill rakers on first arch total 20; width of sub- 

 caudal group of photophores into the distance between 

 anal and subcaudal groups 0.6 to 0.8 times. (Western 



Indian Ocean.) indicus, new species 



'.lb. Posttemporal spine long, slender, with one or two curved 

 basal spines, the dorsal one the longest, always longer than 

 diameter of pupil. 

 11a. Anal photophores 13 to 17, rarely 13; anal rays 15 to 18; 

 pectoral rays 12 to 15; length of posttemporal spine 5.0 

 to 6.9 times in greatest depth of body; number of caudal 

 vertebrae usually 24, occasionally 23 and 25; caudal 

 peduncle long and slender. (Western Pacific and Indi- 

 an Oceans.) tridentifer McCulloch 



lib. Anal photophores 12 to 14, rarely 14; anal rays 14 to 17; 

 pectoral rays 13 to 16; length of posttemporal spine 7.0 

 to 16.0 times in greatest depth of body; caudal vertebrae 

 usually 23, occasionally 22 and 24; caudal peduncle 



short and deep spinosus Gunther 



12a. Total gill rakers on first arch 18 to 20. (Philippine 

 Islands and Celebes Sea, Pacific Ocean.) 



spinosus spinosus Gunther 



12b. Total gill rakers on first arch 22 to 28. (Japan, in the 



Pacific Ocean.) . spinosus sterope Jordan and Starks 



