564 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 112 



the genus Gnathagnus. Gnathagnus laticeps (Longley and Hildebrand) 

 is synonymized with Gnathagnus egregius. Kathetostoma albigutta 

 cubana Barbour is distinguished as a species distinct from Katheto- 

 stoma albigutta Bean. Uranoscopus occidentalis Agassiz, described 

 from Brazil, is included on the basis of the type description. 



Astroscopus sexspinosus (Steindachner) was described from Argen- 

 tina and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in the western South Atlantic (Stein- 

 dachner, 1876) as Uranoscopus (Upsulonophorus) sexspinosus. It 

 reportedly differs from A. y-graecum and A. guttatus in having a 

 blackened border on the soft dorsal fin (Miranda Ribeiro, 1915), but 

 specimens adequate for assessing its true relationship have not been 

 available. 



Data on dorsal and anal rays and data on pectoral rays are given 

 in table 1, p. 566. A chart of distribution of Kathetostoma albigutta, 

 K. cubana, and Gnathagnus egregius is shown in figure 1, next page. 



Standard length (S.L.) was measured from the middle of the upper 

 jaw (premaxillary symphysis) to the caudal base. Total length 

 (T.L.) was measured from the most anterior part of the lower jaw to 

 end of the caudal fin. 



Dorsal and anal fin ray counts were made by counting the total 

 number of rays (or ray bases), except in a minority of specimens that 

 had the terminal soft ray in very close proximity to the next to the 

 last soft ray. Dissection and clearing and staining showed that in 

 certain specimens the terminal dorsal or anal soft ray was branched 

 to its base and the two terminal elements were articulated beneath 

 the body surface; it was therefore considered a branched ray and was 

 counted as a single ray. 



Pectoral and pelvic rays were counted on each side of the fish, and 

 are recorded without respect to right or left sides. Bilateral varia- 

 tion may occur in the number of pectoral fin rays, but the side of a 

 fish having the greater number is randomly right or left. 



Terminology of the cranial bones follows Gregory (1933, figs. 244- 

 248). 



In the synonymies, a comma is used between the binomial and the 

 author's name only in instances of emended or altered specific combi- 

 nations; no comma is used in instances of original combinations. 



The specimens examined are listed for each species by geographical 

 location from north to south along the Atlantic coast of the United 

 States to southern Florida, then northward, westward, and southward 

 around the Gulf of Mexico into the Caribbean Sea. The following 

 abbreviations are used: USNM, U.S. National Museum; CNHM, 

 Chicago Natural History Museum; CM, Charleston Museum; CAS, 

 California Academy of Sciences; UMML, University of Miami Marine 



