MARINE SILVER HATCHETFISHES — SCHULTZ 611 



Ostsee, p. Xllf54, fig. 32, 1929 (North Sea). — Jordan, Evermann, and 

 Clark, Report U.S. Coram. Fish, pt. 2, p. 74, 1930 (name only). — Norman, 

 Discovery reports, vol. 2, p. 304, fig. 12, 1930 (Atlantic Ocean). — Jespersen 

 in Joubin, Faune ichthyologique de l'Atlantique nord, No. 15, fig., 1934 

 (North Atlantic). — llivero, Mem. Soc. Cuhana Hist. Nat., vol. 8, No. 1. 

 p. 31, 1934 (off Cuba).— Fowler, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 70, pt. 

 1, p. 243, fig. 114, pt. 2, p. 1207, 193G (after Weber and Beaufort).— How .11- 

 Rivero, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 41, No. 4, p. 56, 1936 (Cuba).— 

 Parr, Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Coll., vol. 3, art. 7, p. 50, fig. 18, 1937 — 

 Schultz, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 91, No. 27, p. 4, 1937 (detailed meas- 

 urements); Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 86, p. 152, 1938 (western North At- 

 lantic).— Bertin, Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. Paris, vol. 12, No. 6, p. 313, 

 1940 (holotype of Sternoptyx olfersi Cuvier from Cape Good Hope). — Fowler, 

 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, vol. 82, No. 5, p. 749, 1940 (lat. 33°40' N., long. 

 62° 10' W. from drawing). — Nybelin, Fauna och flora, Upsala, vol. 5, pp. 

 206-209, fig., 1947 (off Sweden).— Rey, Mem. Real Acad. Cien. Nat. Ma- 

 drid, vol. 11, p. 252, figs. 81b, 83, 1947 (Atlantic). — Noronha and Saimento, 

 Vertebrados da Madeira, ed. 2, Peixes, vol. 2, pp. 114, 141, 1948 (Madeira). — 

 Nybelin, Goteborgs Vet. Vitterh. Handl., ser. B, vol. 5, No. 16, p. 24, 1948 

 (eastern North Atlantic). — Bertelsen and Gr0ntved, Vid. Medd. Dansk 

 Naturh. For., vol. Ill, pp. 164-167, figs. 1-2, 1949 (photographed photo- 

 phores from their own light from lat. 52°20' N., long. 27°30' W.).— Maul, 

 Lfsta sistematica dos peixes assinalados nos mares da Madeira e fndice al- 

 phabetica, p. 13, 1949 (Madeira). — Smith, The sea fishes of southern Africa, 

 p. 107, 1949 (off the "Cape" in 500 fathoms). — Holgersen, Stavenger Mus. 

 Arbok 1949, vol. 59, p. 87, fig., 1950 (off Norway). — Harvey, Biolumines- 

 cence, New York, p. 550, fig. 186, 1952. — Koumans, Biological results of 

 the Snellius expedition, pt. 16, p. 186, 1953 (East Indies). — Koumans, Tem- 

 minckia, Leiden, vol. 9, p. 186, 1953 (Central Pacific). — Marshall, Aspects 

 of deep sea biology, New York, p. 278, fig. XI, 6, 1954. 



Study material: USNM 164295, South of Iceland, collected by 

 Schaeffer and Starr, 1 specimen, 43 mm. MCZ 34981, Atlantis station 

 1021, August 1, 1931, lat. 42°56' N., long. 30°19' W., haul B16, depth 

 tub. 4, 1 specimen, 70 mm.. MCZ 34991, Atlantis station 1021, 

 August 1, 1931, lat. 42°56' N., long. 30°19 W., haul B14, depth tub. 

 2, 3 specimens, 28 to 50 mm. MCZ 34992, Atlantis station 1008, 

 July 28, 1931, lat. 49°33' N., long. 30° W., haul B4, 2 specimens, 

 28 to 30 mm. MCZ 34951, Atlantis station 1011, July 29 to August 

 1, 1931, lat. 4S°10' N., long. 30°03' W., 2 specimens, 34 and 37 mm. 

 MCZ 35002, Atlantis station 1011, July 29, 1931, lat. 48°10' N., long. 

 30°03'W., haul B7, depth tub. 3, 1 specimen, 36 mm. MCZ 31634, 

 Iselin station 322, 1928, lat. 33° N., long. 64° W., 1 specimen, 36 mm. 



Distinctive characters: Lower preopercular spine directed down- 

 ward and curved forward and outward; upper preopercular spine 

 short, directed outward, not extending past rear edge preopercular 

 bone; 2 postabdominal spines, the anterior one hooked anteroventrally. 

 the rear spine usually shorter and directed posteroventrally, the angle 

 between them about 60°; space between anal group and subcaudal 

 group of photophores rather narrow, about equal to width of last 2% 



