OF DENISON UNIVERSITY. 



transformed into a perfectly developed leaf with a jointed 

 petiole. Otherwise the flower is perfectly normal. 



5^C ^ >fC <^ 



That the flower is to be considered a modified stem as 

 indicated by its position in the axil of a leaf and also that the 

 sepals are to be considered as leave, as indicated in the Fuchsia 

 is shown by the peculiar development of a perfectly normal 

 flower in the axil of one limb of the calyx of a flower in Nar- 

 cissus as shown in 

 fig. 2, All the parts 

 are normally devel- 

 oped in each flower 

 except along the tube 

 of the lower flower 

 there is an expansion 

 extending to the lower 

 torus in line with the 

 upper flower. 

 * * * * 



If we accept the Fig. 2. 



theory that the ovules may be produced either on the carpel- 

 lary leaves as marginal, superficial and axillary or that they 

 may spring from the extention of the floral axis into the ovary 

 and may then be either lateral or terminal while the carpels 

 remain sterile, it then becomes evident that the morphological 

 relation must be determined for each separate group as the 

 above conditions give the greatest possible range of variation. 



In deciding such embryological and morphological relations 

 the malformations become of greatest importance. 



It is generally assumed that the female organs oc- 

 cupy the central position in the flower. They always appear in 

 the theoretical and empirical diagram as forming the central 

 circle or circles of organs. When the floral axis is elongated 

 the pistils may occur in concentric circles but more often in 

 close spirals. The latter usually occurs when the pistils are 



