22 JOURNAL OF THE 



power or narrow gnage steam engines. In the eastern 

 swamps, to get at the c\'press, white cedar and other trees, 

 the plan adopted by larger companies is to dig canals 

 by hand or with dredges parallel to the drainage streams 

 of the swamps. The logs are floated through these canals 

 to some central point and there worked up. 



FOREST MANAGEMENT. 



Up to within the past few years forest management in 

 North Carolina was deemed quite a useless business, but 

 lately prudent individuals have placed large estates under 

 foresters, one of whom was trained in European schools of 

 forestry. As yet, however, this is little more than an 

 experiment. 



During the past two years the North Carolina Geological 

 Survey has made a careful examination of the forests of the 

 State with a view to the inauguration of modern methods 

 of forest management, and the securing of such laws as 

 will best encourage forest protection and improvement. 



During the present year (1893) the Survey, recognizing 

 the fact that the long-leaved pine {P. palustris Miller^ 

 or P. australis Michx.)^ a most valuable tree in this State, 

 does not, under the existing conditions, extensively reproduce 

 itself, has begun an examination of the causes operating 

 against its increase and means by which it can be planted 

 and economically cultivated, so as to make use of the waste 

 lands formerly entirely occupied by this tree but now bar- 

 ren or covered with the loblolly pine {Pi'nits Tadea L.). 

 Experiments are now under way for the purpose of deter- 

 mining the relative fertility of its seed as compared with 

 those of other pines; causes why other species are so widely 

 disseminated over cleared lands, while the long-leaved 

 pine does not appear to be so; methods of planting, rais- 

 ing and protecting young pines; insects and fungous ene- 



