ELISHA MITCHELL SCIENTIFK" SOCIETY. 17 



where they are rarely used, except for rails, the timber being 

 open and porons. 



Q. Rubra L. (Red Oak) occurs in the cool, fertile soils of 

 the middle and mountain districts, and sparingly in the 

 eastern counties. It reaches, under favorable conditions, 

 a diameter of four feet and a height of seventy to eighty 

 feet; the wood is reddish, open, and rather coarse grain, but 

 strong, and is used extensively for clap-boards, cooperage, 

 and articles of furniture. 



Q. imbricaria Michx . (Water Oak, Laurel Oak or Shin- 

 gle Oak) is infrequent, occurring only in counties west of 

 the Blue Ridge; a medium size tree, with rather open, 

 porous wood, rarely used, where better material can be 

 obtained, for clap-boards, staves, etc. 



Q. Priniis L, (Chestnut Oak) is common on dry ridges 

 through mountain and more elevated parts of the middle 

 section. It is used for furniture, wagon material, and the 

 bark is used for tannin or. It has been lars^elv removed 

 around Cranbury, Asheville and Morganton. 



Castanea vesca L. (Chestnut) is very abundant through 

 all mountain regions and is found sparingly in some of the 

 Piedmont counties, though the best trees have in many 

 places been removed for rails. It is sawn for lumber at 

 Dillsboro and Asheville, and has been removed largely from 

 Graham, Ashe and Buncombe counties. 



Popiilus graudidentaia Michx. (Poplar), P. heterophylla L. 

 (Cotton Wood), P. angiilata Ait. (Cotton Wood), and P. 

 monilifera L. (Cotton Wood): All except the first occur 

 frequently in lower or middle districts,, though in the neigh- 

 borhood of turpentine orchards they have been used for 

 making barrel heads. The first named species is confined 

 to the upper part of the middle district. 



Of the eight pines occurring in this State five are of the 

 first economic importance. They are Piniis Strobiis L. 

 (White Pine), P. australis Michx. (Long-leaved Pine), 



