ELISHA MITCHELL SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY. 15 



Fraxinus Americana L. (White Ash) was once common 

 in wet or damp places over the entire State. A large tree 

 two to four feet in diameter and eighty to one hundred 

 feet high. Its wood is white, very elastic, and strong; and 

 in the western counties it is used for making wagons, fur- 

 niture, and especially the curled wood. In the eastern 

 counties it is used for oars, barrel heads, and lumber. In 

 the middle district it is used for making paper and lumber 

 and furniture. It has largely been removed from the fol- 

 lowing mountain counties: Ashe, west Yancev, south 

 Madison, Buncombe, Haywood, north Jackson and north 

 Macon, Graham (except along Tuskeegee creek), Cherokee 

 and Henderson. Has been removed in middle district 

 when accessible to railroads and larger streams. 



F. platycarpa Michx. (Water Ash) is abundant in many of 

 the larger swamps of lower district, to w^hich it is confined. 

 The counties of Pender, Sampson, Hyde and Pamlico still 

 have very large bodies, but it has been removed where 

 turpentine orchards have been worked. 



F. viridis Michx. (Green Ash) and F. piibescens Lam. 

 (Red Ash) are middle-sized trees, found only in middle dis- 

 trict and used for lumber and making paper. Along lines 

 of transportation they have been largely removed, but in 

 inaccessible places they are still abundant. 



Carya alba Xutt. (Shag-bark Hickory) is frequent in the 

 middle and upper districts. 



C. amara Xiilt. (Bitter-nut Hickory) is common in wet 

 places in the upper districts. 



C. glabra Torr. (Pig-nut Hickory) abounds in dry soils 

 in all portions of the State. 



C. tomentosa Nutt. (Common Hickory) is very common 

 in dry soils through the lower and middle districts. 



All of these hickories have been cut away, more or less, 

 around towns for fire-wood, and for the manufacture of 

 spokes, handles, and wagon material, especially around 

 laree towns in the middle district. 



