66 JOURNAL OF THE 



same stratum with lower level, flowed now Back Creek, 

 formerly Meadow Fork of the Greenbrier River, West Vir- 

 ginia. Tributary A of Back Creek, on account of steep- 

 ness of slope, gnaws back, capturing headwaters of Jack- 

 son River by tributary A\ causing the same to have its 

 outlet in a north-westerly direction, thus throwing the 

 water-shed east (GF) between Cowpasture and Jackson 

 Rivers, which previously (EF) was between Jackson River 

 and Back Creek. The base of the syncline, then the bed 

 of Back Creek (Meadow Fork), was nearer base level 

 than base of Jackson River syncline, consequently the 

 softer Devonian slates were reached first by the latter. 

 With conditions thus changed the tributary B of Jackson 

 River captures in turn the headwaters (B') of Meadow Fork 

 (Back Creek), and the water-shed (HF) as now exists was 

 shifted west between Greenbrier River and Meadow Fork of 

 same and Back Creek. Diagram II "shows the present 

 flow of waters of Jackson River. 



University of North Carolina. « 



CHARACTER AND DISTRIBUTION OF ROAD 

 MATERIALS. 



BY J. A. HOLMES. 



In the following discussion of the character and dis- 

 tribution of road material in the State it is thought best 

 to avoid the use of technical terms as far as possible; and 

 the names of rocks here used are those applied by the 

 engineer rather than by the geologist. The character of 

 the materials is discussed with a view to their fitness for 

 use in the construction of broken-stone pavement, as used 

 by Macadam and Telford on the public highways. 



