10 JOURNAL OF THE 



Also in the departments of mining and paleontology 

 much remained to be done. In connection with the departments 

 of agriculture it was necessary to make arrangements for the 

 analyses of numerous soils and marls; in meteorology, stations 

 Avere to be organized in many parts of the State, and each sup- 

 plied with instruments, for the purpose of determining, as far as 

 possible, the climatology of the State. Indeed, but two branches 

 of the survey, viz., zoology and botany, had been worked up 

 (and these by Dr. Curtis) w^th a thoroughness that could be con- 

 sidered sufficient for existing purposes. 



The new features undertaken bv Professor Kerr in connection 

 with the survey were the investigation into the topograpliy, the 

 climatology, water-power, mineralogy and lithology. Of work 

 alreadv undertaken bv Professor Emmons he endeavored to 

 continue that relating to agriculture, ore deposits, general geology 

 and paleontology. 



Wiien it is remembered that all the work outlined above was 

 to be undertaken with an appropriation of "not more than five 

 thousand dollars per annum," it will be understood that the sur- 

 vey must necessarily have been organized on an economical basis, 

 and the work prosecuted at a disadvantage. And such indeed 

 was the case. 



When in 1866, Professor Kerr was appointed State Geologist, 

 he did not bring to the work of the survey an extended profes- 

 sional experience; nor may we consider him at that time in any 

 high degree a trained specialist. He at once, however, devoted 

 himself to the task of organizing the work of the survey, in all 

 its departments, and in accordance w^ith the terras of the law and 

 the interests of the State. He associated with himself such 

 specialists as Cope, Conrad, Genth, Julien and others, and placed 

 in their hands for examination the collections belonging to their 

 respective departments. 



So great was the variety of work the survey was authorized 

 to undertake that, with the small appropriation at its disposal, 

 it was often necessary that the Geologist should undertake in 

 person investigations of a widely different character. This was 



