90 JOUR^^AL OF THE 



Nevertheless, by applying to several hundred of the older 

 citizens of the State, I have secured a considerable amount of 

 information that could not otherwise have been obtained. 



Among those who have contributed most to the supply of 

 information, it is but just that I should mention the names of 

 Professor L. E,. Gibbes, of Charleston; the late Dr. H. W. 

 Ravenel, of Aiken, and the late Col. James H. Rion, of Winns- 

 boro. 



The writer has in preparation also a sketch of the early geo- 

 graphical surveys of the Carolinas, but this is not yet ready for 

 publication. Of the Slate surveys in South Carolina bearing 

 on Mineralogy, Geology and Agriculture there have been niade 

 three that deserve consideration in the present sketch. These 

 are in the order of their occurrence: The Vanuxem Geological 

 and Mineralogical Tour (1825-'26), the Ruffin-Tuomey Agri- 

 cultural and Geological Surveys (1843-'47), and the Lieber Geo- 

 logical, Mineralogical and Agricultural Survey (1855-'59). 



Vanuxem Survey (1825 and 1826). 



The survey by Professor Vanuxem deserves special considera- 

 tion mainly by virtue of its early date, it having been preceded 

 by but one of the State surveys, as far as I am informed — the 

 Olmsted Geoloo^ical and Mineral{)<>:ical Survey in North Caro- 

 lina (1824-'25).* 



It may be considered as a geologic il and mineralogical tour 

 through the counties (then called districts) in the upper portion 

 of South Carolina. These tours were made by him during his 

 vacations while he was connected with the South Carolina Col- 

 lege as Professor of Geology and Mineralogy, during the years 

 1825 and 1826. 



The survey was originated in the following manner: Lardner 

 Vanuxem was elected Professor of Geology and Mineralogy 

 in the South Carolina College in December, 1821, on a salary of 

 f 1,000 per annum. In April, 1824, he tendered his resignation 



*See Jour, Elishn Mitchell Soc, 1889, Part I, pp. 5-S. 



