Emory — An Archaeological Siiri'cy of Halcakala 241 



One leg" bone had been broken by the pressure of the overlaying 

 stones. An examination by L. R. Sullivan showed that the remains 

 were probably those of a female adult about 4 feet 11 inches in 

 height and 35 years of ag-e ; the skull was of the Hawaiian type 

 with some Melanesian characteristics. The teeth were slightly 

 decayed and showed advanced pyorrhea in the molar region. An 

 interesting feature of these remains is an area about the size of a 

 silver dollar on the top of the skull, which represents a concussion 

 from a blow that was evidently the cause of death. There seems 

 to have been some knitting of the fractured bone, indicating that 

 death was not instantaneous. 



It took four of us with good shovels 50 minutes to assemble 

 the ahu. Two men with calabashes might have dug the pit, laid 

 the sticks and body, filled the pit, gathered the stones and built up 

 the structure in four hours, but probably a much longer time was 

 taken. 



HALALII GROUP 



Adjoining Kamoa o Pele is the black cone of Halalii which 

 includes two craters separated by a wall a hundred feet high. They 

 must have been the seat of the most violent gaseous activity; the 

 cinders and rocks, particularly of the smaller crater, are brightly 

 colored, every hue from orange to purple. On exploration of the 

 smaller crater on the northwest no trace of ancient structures was 

 found. The larger crater differs from the craters of the other 

 cones examined in that its slopes are broken by outcropping dikes 

 of igneous rock. Some portions of the dikes overhang slightly, 

 and in the shelter thus afforded a series of terraces have been con- 

 structed. (See map. fig. 3.) The crater is most easily accessible 

 from the northeast, but the approach from the spatter cone. Pa 

 Puaa o Pele, between Kamoa o Pele and Halalii leads to the 

 ruins of a treble terrace (fig. S, A) which lies on the west rim. 

 This terrace is 36 feet long with a break of three feet in the mid- 

 dle. The top step is i foot high along the front and is level 

 with the outside of the crater rim. The two lower steps are 

 26 inches wide and ij/^ and 2 feet high, respectively. It is per- 

 haps significant that from this terrace one may observe all other 

 structures within the crater. 



[7] 



