Einoyy — An ArcJiaeoIogical Surrey of Halcakola 259 



but to be lost in tradition must have long antedated the Kilauea 

 structure. 



Reference to the place of deposit of the "umbilical cords of 

 Kaupo babies'" (page 16), and to the superstitions relating to the 

 practice illustrates the strong hold of ancient customs on Hawaiians. 

 The practice may be traced back a thousand years or more, and 

 throws light on the name chants of Puna-imua, Hema, Kahai, and 

 others, which mention not only the place of deposit of the piko 

 (umbilical cord) but other evidences of birth, hid in dififerent 

 locations, an ancient method, it may be, of birth registration. 

 \Miatever may have been the original design in the custom, the 

 facts recorded in name chants may be used as a means of identifi- 

 cation, or proof, of Hawaiian birth, particularizing it to locality. 

 Et is evidence which may be used to refute New Zealand's claim 

 that these celebrated pioneers in Pacific voyaging came from the 

 Southern Seas. 



The various sizes of the numerous alius mentioned by Mr. 

 Emory need occasion no surprise, considering the various purposes 

 for which they were customarily designed. It was a recognized 

 custom of Hawaiians to erect stone piles — pile is one meaning of 

 the word ahu — as way marks, memorials of parties traveling or 

 resting, division points of survey, and also as guides to the most 

 accessible routes of travel. One such marks the safest of three 

 ridges leading from the rim of the crater to the district of Nuu. 

 That some ahus mark burial places is in accord with the present 

 practice in certain districts of Alaui and of Hawaii, and perhaps 

 elsewhere. Alost, if not all, of the ahus of three stones, one upon 

 another, are tributes to the deity of the locality and are designed 

 by travelers to assure safety in their journey. 



