108 THE BOTANY OF BERMUDA. 



cm.— Arist OLOCHIACE^. 



Aristolochia trilobata^ Linu. Birthwort; Dutchmau's pipe. 



At Mount Laiigton and at the Naval Hospital, Ireland Island. Intro- 

 duced from the West Indies. The name has reference to its supposed 

 virtues in parturition. 



CIV. — JUGLANDE^ 



Juglans nigra, Linn. Black walnut. 



One or two specimens are extant at Par-la- ville. The name comes 

 from Jovis glans, Lat., the nut of Jove. 



CV. — CUPULIFERiE. 



Qnercus alba ? Linn. 



There was a healthy young tree at or near Par-la-ville, Hamilton, in 

 1875. 



The following species, received from the Botanical Gardens, Cam 

 bridge, Mass., were planted in the grounds of Mount Langton in 1872, 

 but with little promise of permanency: Quercns aquatica, Walt.; Q. 

 Catesbwi, Michx. ; Q. cinerea, Michx. ; Q. nigra, Linn. The plants lingered 

 until 1877, but made no growth. 



GYMNOSPERM^. 



CYI. — Conifers. 



JuniperuH Bermudiana, Lun. Bermuda cedar. {J. Barbadensis, Linn.) 

 The characteristic native forest tree of the Bermudas, which still 

 clothes a very large part of the entire area of the islands. It owes its 

 universality and its success in the struggle for existence apparently to 

 its power of withstanding the gales of wind for which the Bermudas 

 liave always been famous. This i)ower again is due to the little resist- 

 ance offered by the foliage, to the hardness and toughness of the wood, 

 and to the remarkable power possessed by the roots of holding on to 

 the rocks and penetrating their interstices. It can also extract nourish- 

 n>ent from almost pure lime, such as coral sands newly thrown up. Ce- 

 dar roots are said to exist in situ in i)laces along the outer reefs. They 

 have certainly been found at 3 to 5 fathoms depth in Elies Harbor 

 and in Hamilton Harbor. Cedar wood in a condition aj)proaching 

 lignite was found at a depth of 47 feet below low- water mark in dredg- 

 ing for a bed for the Bermuda dock. The length of time necessary for 

 a subsidence of 47 feet indicates a very long i)re valence of the same con- 

 ditions. The cedar formerly attained a very great size ; planks of 32 



