64 SAMUEL H. SCUDDER ON THE SPREAD 



the eastern tier of counties, for it was fonnd at Des Moines, according to a correspondent 

 of the Prairie Farmer of Chicago (Am. Ent., iir, 55), and in the autumn it reached Ames 

 (II. Osborn), and had even advanced by midsummer to Omaha in Nebraska, according 

 to Mr. L. Bruner, i. e., across the entire state of Iowa. In all probability it may have 

 been prematnrely carried to that great railway centre by the freight trains. The sur- 

 prising tiling about this is that it appeared to have no outcome, as we shall see. The but- 

 terfly appeared also about St. Louis this year (Miss M. E. Murtfeldt) and at many 

 localities in Alabama, such as Marion (J. F. Bailey, Am. Ent., in, 107) and Selma 

 (Riley), though Mr. Riley did not see it at Mobile on a visit there (U. S. Agric. Rep., 

 1883, 109). 



In 1880 it had advanced in the north, according to Mr. Saunders, to Manitoulin Isl- 

 and near the northeastern end of Lake Huron (Can. Ent., xii, 192-195), to the Sault 

 Ste. Marie, to Rochester in the southeastern comer of Minnesota (C. IST. Ainslee), 

 to West Point, Ne])i-aska (L. Bruner), to Lawi-ence, Kansas, in March (F. H. 

 Snow) and to Manhattan in the same state (W. Knaus, E. A. Po])enoe). Dr. W. S. Ifew- 

 lon writes me that, accortling to his note book, it ap])eared at Oswego in the southeastern 

 corner of the state on June 10, 1879, but he is not quite positive about the yeai-. It is 

 also reported this year I'rom Atlanta, Ga., in July, by C. V. Riley (Am. Ent., iir, 200). 

 It must have been thei'e the year previous. 



In 1881 we have few reports of its extension, but it was this year that it became 

 common on Keeweenaw Point, at Calumet, Mich. (E. T. Custis), though the post- 

 master at Kasson, Leelenaw Co., told Mr. E. W. Allis that it did not appear 

 in that place until a year or two later. It was as late as Aug. 3 that Mr. G. M. 

 Dodge first saw it at Glencoe, Dodge Co., Kebi'aska, not fifty miles from Omaha (Can. 

 Ent., XIV, 39) and not until this year did it make its appearance at Salina, Kan., be- 

 coming common in 1882 (A. W. Jones). It is also reported as appearing in 1881 at 

 Bastrop, Texas (L. Heilegerodt). ^ 



In 1883 (there being no statistics obtainable for 1882) we have several very intei-est- 

 ing extensions. Mr. Walter Ilayden, returning to England in 1883 from Moose Fac- 

 tory at the extreme southern end of Hudson Bay, took with him an interestins: 

 collection of insects, among which Mr. J. Jenner Weir found a single pair of 

 JP. rapae, which were all he had taken there in a residence of five and a half years. Pre- 

 sumably the insect had arrived shortly before his departure. It was only in this year, 

 according to Mrs. E. A. Patten, that it api)eai'cd at Minneapolis, Minn., yet it was now 

 that Cai)t. Gamble Geddes took it in Manitoba along the line of the Canadian Pacific 

 Railway, at least as far as Brandon, about longitude 100". Fnrther, Mr. Charles S. 

 Brown of Ludden, Dickey Co., Dakota, writes me that he reached that country in 1883 

 — one of the first settlers there — and noticed then a few specimens of the butterfly, 

 which has since become common. It is evident that it has nearly outrun the tide of civ- 

 ilization. 



But even this record is outstiipped by the report that it actually reached the Rocky 

 mountains in Montana in 1881. Two correspondents have answered my inquiries fi"om 



'Ml'. N. Coleniau found it iu Marshall, Texas, when he moved there iu 1S81. He thought it had not been tliere long. 



