60 SAMUEL H. SCUDDKR ON THE SPREAD 



following the coast line; injury was done to crops in Cecil Co., Mel., during this year, 



according to the reports of the Agricultural Department (Glover), and it appeared iu 



Baltimore according to C. R. Dodge (Rural Carol., August, 1872). Writing me from 



Spottsville, Va., Mr. B. W. Jones says, "It was a general coinplaint (in Surry Co.) as 



early as 1870-71 among farmers, that they could raise no good cabbage on account of 



it. In 1872-73 it infested the gardens about Petersburg in untold numbers." Yet it 



was not seen in Washington until 1872. This year then is remarkable for the union of 



the two armies and the considerable westward extension in Kew York. 



In 1872 we again are able to trace the forward movement of the butterfly in Canada, 



where it originated, and from which information entirely fails from 1867, when it reached 



Montreal, until this time. For now we learn that it had passed by this time along 

 1872 I .J c> 



the northern shore of the St. Lawrence and Lake Ontario to Belleville and Tren- 

 ton, Ontario (Bethune, Can. Ent. v, 41). But south of the river and the lake it had 

 pushed much farther, viz., through the entire length of the state of New York, so as to 

 invade Canada from the United States! It did not reach Port Hope, Ontario, from the 

 east, where Mr. Bethune Avas awaiting it (''we fully expect to see it at Port Hope this 

 year," — Can. Ent. v, 41,) until July 1873, but it appeared at Ridgeway, Welland Co., 

 " not in great numbers" in 1872 (A. II. Kilman), and at Toronto in August, 1872 (W. 

 Brodie — cf. Canada Farm., 1875, 127). This makes it highly probable that it reached 

 Bufliilo this year, of which I could not otherwise speak, as the testimony of my corres- 

 pondents is widely conflicting. Certainly it reached Brockport, for it was taken there in 

 September by Mr. David Bruce, and the next year had certainly spread much fiirther 

 west on the southern than on the northern shores of Lake Erie. It was in this year that 

 it reached Delhi (L. O. Howard). In Pennsylvania, though it probably reached Centre 

 Co. in this year (W. A. Buckhart), it was possibly checked in its westward spread by 

 the AUeghanies, as we do not hear of it in the western part of the state. It reached 

 Washington eaily in this year (Monthly Rep. Dept. Agric, June 1872, 218) but how 

 much farther south it passed we do not know. As however we have already heard of it 

 in Virginia it is probable that it had extended southward at something like its previous 

 rate and we have accordingly drawn our curve, to correspond Avith this. 



In 1873, as before stated, it reached Port Hope, and "F. C. L." reports taking his first 

 specimen at Dunn in Haldimand Co., Ont. (Can. Ent. 6, 60), and some were taken at 

 Hamilton (J. A. Moftat), where one Avonld have looked for it the preceding 

 year from its presence then at Toronto. This year it had entirely covered Kew 

 York state, though there Avere places even in the eastern half, such as IS^orwich, Avhere it 

 did not appear until this year, at least in any number (J. S. Kingsley). It was found 

 sparingly at Cleveland in the spring of this yeai'^ (J. G. Gehiing), but from here south- 

 Avard our information is practically a blank. We have, hoAvever, tAvo curious items : it is 

 reported by Mr. C. R. Dodge as being destroyed by parasites in Louisville, Ky., in this 

 year, Avhich implies that it appeared there at least the year before (pi-obably Mr. Dodge's 

 informant mistook the destructive southern cabbage butterfly for this). 



The other is a very definite piece of information from Prof. L. R. Gibbes of Charleston, 



'This is the first definite st.itement of its iidvciit in Ohio, of New A'orlc and jSfew Jersey and in Ohio." The last is 

 but Mr. W. n. Kdvviirds, iu Part 8 of his Butterflies of Nortli clearly an error. 

 America, says "it swarms [August, 1871] iu many parts 



