5G SAMUEL II. 8CUDDER ON THE SPREAD 



JS'otvvithstanding the number of entomologists who annually visit the "White Mountains, 

 and the recorded capture by Mr. Merrill in 18G(j, supra, no one seems to have taken 

 the insect in New Hampshire in IS'iT; though with its spread to Ljwiston on one side 

 and its appearance in considerable numbers in Vermont on the other, there can be little 

 doubt that it was present, at least in the region north of the White Mountains and espe- 

 cially in the valley of the upper Connecticut. In Vermont, Dr. Merrill is our only au- 

 thority (Proc. Bost. Soc. Kat. Hist, xi, 300). In August of this year he found the 

 butterflies at Waterbui-y, Burlington and Stowe; in the first locality, on Aug. 29, they 

 Avere "^'very abundant." During this year, therefore, the insect had fairly established 

 itself in northern Vermont and New Hampshire, reached Montreal in its course up the 

 St. Lawrence and pushed its advance guard to the Atlantic Ocean at Halifax and nearly 

 to the Gulf of Maine at Portland. 



In 1868, curious to say, our records are more meagre but in one respect very inter- 

 esting. It was only in this year and toward the end of it that it reached Waterville, 

 Me., to judge from the fact that it was first seen in the early spring of 1869 by a very 

 careful resident observer, the late Prof. C. E. Hamlin. The butterflies must have 

 come from wintering chrysalids near by. In New Hampshire and Vermont its 

 progress was steady ])ut not extensive. In New Hampshire it was taken this year by 

 Mr. M. C. Harriman at Warner near the Southei'n Ivearsarge, and was seen, according 

 to Dr. C. S. Minot (Am. Ent. ii, 75), near Lake Winnepesaukee. In Vermont it had 

 extended to about the same points, for it was common at Woodstock (F. R. Jewett) 

 and not uncommon in August in Sudbury (S. H. Seudder), while in all the track behind 

 it was abundant enough. Writing to me from St. Albans in 1869, Mr. N. C. Greene 

 said that in the previous autumn his 3O00 cabbages had from ten to fifty worms on a head; 

 he had not previously noticed them at all and thought they first came in 1868, whereas 

 they must have reached St. Albans early the year before that. In the valley of the St. 

 Lawrence thei-e is nothing, for a time, to gauge its movements, but writing in Sept., 1869, 

 Mr. A. S. Ritchie says that he has heard of its ravages as far west as Chateauguay, so 

 that it doubtless was to be found there in 1868. Nor can we say more concerning its 

 extension into the eastei-n provinces, though I am told by Mr. G. F. Matthew that it ap- 

 peared at St. John " within two or three years of its recorded advent at Quebec" and, 

 therefore, certainly not later than 1868. Indeed we have seen that it was just on the 

 border, at Eastport, in 1866, and Prof. L. W. Baile}^, writing in 1886, says it has been 

 at Fredericton "for at least twenty-five years," but he speaks only from recollection. 



But the chief interest of the year 1868 lies in the fact that it was then independently 

 introduced into the country at New York. Rumor has it that a German entomologist 

 in Hoboken received some living pupae from Europe to raise for his cabinet, that they 

 emerged from the chrysalis in his absence and afterward escaped from an opened win- 

 dow. But however this may be, we know from several sources that it was to be found 

 about Hoboken and Hudson City, N. J., this year. Mr. John Hampson, a collector of 

 twenty-six years' experience, living in Newark, took a single specimen there this year in 

 May (J. B. Angelman). The late Mr. W. V. Andrews, sending me caterpillars in July, 

 1869, said it had "been known for a year or two," and the same writer says (Can. Ent. 

 II, 55) in Jan., 1870, "the increase of this insect during the last two years is marvellous." 



