REFERENCES CONCERNING GERANIACEAE. 



Jannlcke : Beitr. z. vergl. Auatoniie der Geraiiiaceae (Abliandl. Senckenb. naturli. Gesellscli., xiv, Ileft 3; Bot. Cen- 

 tralbl., XXXI, 36). 



1. On the general anatomy of Geranium see Irniisch : Bot. Zeitung, 1874, 5i5, etc. Modified stomata (vvatei'-pores) 

 of G. Jiobertianum are discussed by Keinl<e; Jalirb. wiss. Bot., x. Tlie appearance of adveutive buds ou the roots, in 

 some cases, is noted by Warming: Bot. Tidssla-ift, ii; Just, v, 37+. Weiss: Pflanzenhaare, 18G7, and Anatomie der 

 Pflanzen, 1878, i; Just, vi', 33-4, describes tlie cliaracterislic I'ornis of trichomes. 



2. On the inflorescence of Geranieae see Wydler; Jahrb. wiss. Bot., xi, Heft 3; Just, v, 3G2 : Eichler; Bliitliendia- 

 gramme, ii, etc. 



3. On the morphology of the flowers of Geranieae see Franii : Jahrb. wiss. Bot., x; Eichler: Bliithendiagramme, 

 II; Baillon: Hist, des Plantes, v, etc., where other references are to be found. Instructive observations on terato- 

 logical flowers of G. liobertiamtm are given by Christ, in the Botanisclie Zeitung for 1887, G, pi. l,as this is being 

 written. 



On tlie pollination of Geranium see Axell : Anordningarna Fanerog. Befr. lOG (several species); Bennett: Journ. Bot., 

 1872, 25 {G. Rohfrtianum self-fertile in late autumn) ; Bonnier: Ann. Sc. uat., 6ser., vill, 14G, pi. 8, f. 118-132 (histology 

 of nectar-glands) ; Bonnier and Flahault: Ann. Sc. nat. C s6r., vii. 111 (brighter color of G. liobertianum at high eleva- 

 tions) ; Buckley : Fairy Land of Science, 221 (G. sijlvaticum) ; Darwin : Cross- and Self-fertilization, 420 (secretion of nec- 

 tar after fall of petals in G. phaeum) ; Delpino : Ulterior! Osservazioni, a' (nectary, 97); pollination, 105; early falling of 

 anthers, 1C3 ; visits of Bh'jwjia rostrata to G. pyrenaictmi, 317) ; Fecond. delle Piante Antocarpee, 30 ; Dodel-Port : Illustr. 

 Pflanzenleben, Lieferung 7; Errera: Compt. rend. Soc. roy. Bot. Belg. xviii, 15, 42 ((?. phaeum) ; Errera and Gevaert: I. c. 

 xvii, 132 (O. phaeum) ; Goodale : Wild Flowers of America, 18 ; Meckel : Comples rend., 1878, ? (nioveraeuts of stamens) ; 

 Heu.slow: Trans. Linn. Soc. n. s., i, 357-8 (self-fertiliziftion) ; Hildebrand : Bot. Zeit., 18G5 (experiments on G. pratense) ; 

 Geschlechtervertlieilung, 17, f. 3 ((?. in-atense, protandrous) ; Irmisch : Bot. Zeit., 1874, 565 (normally reduced flowers of 

 G. sanijiiineum) ; Kerner: Flowers and their unbidden Guests, 112 {G. liobertianum) ; Kirby and Spence: Entomology, 462 

 (Bees, Epfohis variegatns, sleep suspended by their mandil)les from the beak of G.^j/trtooii, according to Linnaeus) ; Knaggs : 

 Lepidopterisl's Guide, 88 (lepidoptcra at flowers); Lubbock: British Wild Flowers {G. sijlvaticum, 2; G. pratense, 37 ; 

 comparison of large- and small-flowered species, 43, 72) ; Scientiflc Lectures, 14 (rfisumC-) ; Mignault: Nat. Canadien, xii, 

 247; Miiller: Nature (visitors of G. sylvaticum and G. pratense, xi, 33; gynodioicism of G. sijlvaticum, xviii, 519; Weitere 

 Beobachtnngen, ii, 217-8 (visitors); Befruchtung der Blumen, IGO (comparative study of the German species) ; Alpen- 

 blumen,— (study of Alpine species); Fertilization of Flowers, 149 (general review of European species) ; Kicca: Attl 

 Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat , xiii, 256 {G. phaeum) ; I. c. xiv, 252 {G. sanguineum) ; Roth : Beytriige (1783), ii, 70 (nectary) ; Soyer- 

 Willemet: Le Nectaire, 36 (nectary); Sprengel:Neu entdeckte Geheimniss der Natur (1793) {G. sylvaticum, i,33H; O. 

 palustre, 335; G. liobertianum, 337; G. sanguineum, pratense, reflexum and molle, 338); Thomson: Trans. Bot. Soc. 

 Edinljurgh, xiv, 102 (G. microphyllum and molle in New Zealand). 



Grieve (Gard. Cliron. u. s., v, 699, vi, 49) gives an account of a supposed hybrid of relargoninm zonale and G. pratense. 

 On the histology ofthe embryo see Flahault: Ami. Sc. nat., G ser., vi, 112; Gerard: Ann. Sc. nat., 6 s6r., xi, 330. 



4. On the mode of dissemination of Geranium see Bischofl": Lehrb. Bot., ii', 470; Hildebrand: Verbreitungsmittel 

 der Pfl;inzen, 37; Jalirb. wiss. Bot., ix, 2G9, pi. 25( = 3), f. 38. Lubbock: Pop. Sci. Monthly, xix, 164; Flowers, Fruits 

 and Leaves, 57 (Irom Fortnightly Review); Steinbrinck: Bot. Zeit., 1878, 580; Zimmermann : Jahrb. wiss. Bot., xil, 

 568, pi. 36. Also Gibson: Harper's Mag., Oct., 1885, 687; Olvers : Bot. Centrabl., xxi, 318 (Just, 1884', 685). 



On the seed-structure, see Marloth : Bugler's Bot. Jahrb., iv, 237, pi. 5, f. 9-10; Strandmark : Bidr. till Kannedomen om 

 Froskalet's Byggnad. Thesis, Lund., 1874, 27, f. 15. The development ofthe embryo is discussed by Hegelmaier: Vergl. 

 Unters. Entw. dikot. Keime, 1878 ; and Hofmeister : Embryobild. Phanerog., 92 ; and au account of the chlorophyll it con- 

 tains is given by Flahault: Bull. Soc. Bot. de France, 1879, 2.50-1; Ann. Sci. nat., 6 s&t., ix, 174. 



5. For tlie leaf-position of Erodium under varying circumstances, cf. Kraus : Flora, xxxvii, 71. Goeppert has observed 

 that the leaves or E. cicularinm, like those of a number of other plants, become red during tlie winter months, when 

 covered by snow, resuming their green color in spring.— Sitzher. Schles. Gesellsch. Naturk., Jan. 20, 1876. 



G. On the pollination ot Erodium see Bonnier and Flahault: Ann. Sci. nat., 6 ser., vii, 105 (flowers more brightly colored 

 in high latitudes) ; Delpino: Ulterior! Osservazioni, ii'', 97 (nectary) ; Henslow: Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot., 2 ser., i, 358 (S. 

 cicutarium, self-fertile) ; Jordan : Flora, LXix (1866), 251-2, pi. 5, f. 17 (E'. cicutarinm) ; Ludwig: Kosmos, viii, 357 (gen- 

 eral discussion of pollination); Irrnischia, ii, 5 {E. cicutarium and var. pimpinellaefolium); Bot. Centralblatt, viii, 87 

 {E. macrademim and E. cicutarium) ; Muller : Kosmos, iv, — ; Wechselbeziehungen, 94-5 (£■. cicutarium) ; Weitere Beobach- 

 tungen, 218 (E. cicutarium) ; Befruchtung der Blumen, 166 (E. cicutarium) ; Feitilizalion of Flowers, 83 (E. cicutarium) ; 

 Soyer- Willemet : Le Nectaire, 37 (nectar-glands) ; Sprengel : Entd. Geheimniss der Natur {E. cicutarium, 338 ; E. moscha- 

 tum, 340; Weihe: De Nectariis, 21, 39 (nectar-glands). 



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