FUSION OF HANDS. 47-3 



the same side as the arm is the normal hand ; the other the extra one.] The two sets of 

 fingers could be opposed to each other. It seems that the woman when ;it work scrubbing 

 the floor rested on the back of the flexed carpus. Mr. Murray says: "From the rigidly 

 arched conformation of the metacarpal portion of the double hand, it is evident that 

 she could not lean on the palm.'' The woman was otherwise well-formed. There was 

 nothing of the kind in her family as far as she knew, and she had a normal child. The 

 rest may be given in Mr. Murray's own words. "The shoulder joint is natural. The ex- 

 ternal condyloid ridge of the humerus is strongly defined. The elbow joint may be fully 

 extended, but flexion cannot be carried further than is represented in Fig. 1." [say to an 

 angle of 12(1° with the humerus] "and the impediment seems to be the imusually large 

 coronoid process of the ulna. The muscles and tendons of the forearm are so prominent 

 that it is not eas_y to decide whether there is a second radius or ulna ; but after numerous 

 examinations made under favorable circumstances. I feel sure that the duplicity of bony 

 structure begins at the carpus. Pronation and supination are freely performed." It will 

 be necessaiT to review these statements in the light which the present case throws on the 

 internal structure of the forearm. 



S. GiRALDES. Maladies Chirurylcales des En/ants. A case of a child's hand with 

 eight fingers in two sets and no thumb.' A clear case of two nearly perfect hands fused at 

 the radial sides. Giraldes refers to two similar specimens which, having injecited and dis- 

 sected, he placed in the miisee de VainphitMatre des hopltaux. Of these Fort " says in 

 1869. ''■Nous ne les avons pas trouvees. 



9. Giraldes. Bidl. Soc. Chirurg. JVoc. 1865. M. Giraldes said: "I have had an oj)- 

 portunity to see in my service a case of two entire hands on a single forearm. M. Guer- 

 sant has seen the same person." 



10. FuMAGALH. Sidle deformUa coiif/eiilta delta ditta. Annali l/nlo. d'l Med. Mllano. 

 Vol. CCXVI, J). MOo. 1871. A girl of four months without family predisposition had the 

 right hand with eight fingers and no thumli. The two sets were united hy the radial side. 

 The double hand was anchylosed at a right angle to the forearm. The extra fingers had 

 less motion than the normal ones. Their metacarpal bones were incomplete. 



11. KuHXT. Vir chow' s Archw. Band L VI, 1872. A German recruit twenty-one years 

 old. Each hand consists of the ulnar half of two hands fused. The left hand consists of 

 five hngers and no thumb. Three of the fingers apparently are of the left hand to which 

 are added the ring and little fingers of a right hand. The right hand is less symmetrical. 

 There are the three normal fingers of the ulnar side to which are added two fingers and a 

 rudiment of a third of a left hand. Accoi-ding to the drawing, there is no abnormal flexion. 



' This is the case erroneously attributed to Lauccranx - Des diftbrmites congenitales et acijulse des doigts. 



lu Ziegler'3 Lehrbuch der patliologisolieu Anatomie, 1392. These, Paris, 16G9. 



