50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.9» 



short, its posterior tip rounded, not quite reaching to joint of man- 

 dible; length of maxillaries about 1.7 in head; eye contained nearly 1.2 

 in the length of cheek; postorbital length of head 5.6 and mandible 5.6 

 both in standard length; gill rakers rather broad and moderately long 

 in the young holotype; distal margin of dorsal fin truncate, when dorsal 

 fin is depressed the first rays do not quite reach to tips of last rays; 

 origin of dorsal fin behind that of anal fin a distance equal to pupil and 

 equidistant between midbase of caudal fin and % of eye behind the 

 head; anal fin base 4.2 in standard length and notably closer to rear of 

 head than midcaudal fin base; pelvic insertion midway between pec- 

 toral insertion and anal origin ; distal margin of anal fin a little concave ; 

 pelvic fins reaching halfway to anal origin and pectoral fins reaching 

 three-fourths the way to pelvic insertion; axillary scale of pectoral 

 reaching not quite halfway to tips of pectorals ; caudal fin deeply forked. 



Coloration in alcohol. — Some dark pigment cells along midline of 

 back and in two rows along dorsal fin base and thence posteriorly ; anal 

 fin base with black pigment cells ; top of head brown with a few dark 

 cells on upper surface of snout; caudal fin with dark pigment a little 

 more intense on upper and lower margins and a black speck at midbase 

 of each caudal fin lobe ; silvery lateral band not developed in the small 

 type specimen, but operculum is silvery. 



Remarks. — The key on page 38 separates H. setiger from P. ather- 

 inoides. See table 5 for counts made on the two species. 



Named setiger in reference to its numerous gill rakers. 



Genus LYCENGRAULIS Giinther 



Lycengraulis Gunther, Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum, vol. 7, 

 pp. 385, 399, 1868. (Genotype, Engraulis grossidens Cuvier.) 



KEY TO THE SPECIES OF LYCENGRAULIS REPORTED FROM VENEZUELA " 



la. Gill rakers 13 to 20 + 18 to 25 on first arch; origin of dorsal usually about 



equidistant from midcaudal fin base and posterior margin of eye; pectoral 



rays 14 to 16; origin of dorsal equidistant between midbase of caudal fin and 



posterior half of eye or a little behind eye. 



2a. Vertebrae 43 to 45, usually 43 or 44; anal rays iii, 22 to iii, 28; greatest 



depth 3.85 to 4.4 (in adults) in standard length; maxillary sharply pointed 



posteriorly, reaching well beyond joint of mandible, sometimes nearly to 



margin of opercle, usually 4.8 to 5.3 in standard length. 



Lycengraulis grossidens (Cuvier) 

 26. Vertebrae 41 or 42, rarely 42; anal rays usually iii, 20 to iii, 24; depth 4.3 to 

 4.9; maxillary not sharply pointed, more rounded at tip, reaching to or a 

 little past joint of mandible, about 55^ to 5^ in standard length. 



Lycengraulis lironichthys, new species 

 lb. Gill rakers 9 to 13 + 12 to 15 on first arch; cheek long and narrow, notably 

 longer than snout and eye, 2.0 to 2.25 in head; body quite slender, the depth 

 5.25 to 6.0 in length; maxillary reaching nearly or quite to joint of mandible, 

 5.5 to 5.8 in length; origin of dorsal notably nearer base of caudal than 

 eye; vertebrae 47; anal rays iii, 23 to iii, 25; pectoral rays 13 or 14. 



Lycengraulis batesii (Gunther) 



" Modified after Hildebrand. 



