200 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 99 



6a. Middle pair of incisors on both jaws much broader and longer than ad- 

 joining pairs; posterolateral teeth small and conical; rims of orbits 

 bony, elevated; opercular spine strongly developed and forming 

 posteriormost tip of head; valvular flap and margin of anterior nostril 

 with its margin finely fringed with short cirri; gill membrane attached 

 at upper anterior edge of pectoral fin base; fleshy pad well developed 

 on outer lower surface of pectoral base, with a free membranous edge 

 posteriorly ending at base of tenth to twelfth pectoral ray; shoulder 

 girdle with a free dermal flap extending dorsally nearly to attachment 

 of gill membrane; anal origin under base of second or third from last 

 dorsal fin ray; disk large, its length about equal to head and contained 

 about 2.4 to 2.8 in standard length; anus just behind rear margin of 

 disk; origin of dorsal fin a trifle closer to tip of opercular spine than 

 midcaudal fin base; dorsal rays 10 or 11 (usually 11); anal 8 or 9; 

 pectoral 24 or 25 (Chile and Peru; Juan Fernandez Islands). 



Sicyases (Miiller and Troschel) 



66. Middle pair of incisors not enlarged, all incisorlike or conical teeth at front 



of both jaws of nearly same size and length; front of lower jaw with 



small incisors in 2 or 3 pairs, with smooth tips; posterolateral teeth 



smaller, conical, sometimes one or two a little enlarged and almost 



caninelike; usually a small patch of very short conical teeth behind 



outer row of larger teeth at front of jaws but sometimes lacking or 



reduced to 1 or 2 teeth; rims of orbits not elevated or bony; anterior 



nostril with a dermal flap, sometimes with bifid or even multifid tips 



arising on posterior rim, but nostrils not fringed with short cirri. 



7a. Short blunt papillae on lips and around mouth generally, these in form 



of short barblets, arrangement as follows: Median part of chin and 



lower jaw with 2 or 3 rows of papillae, or chin anteriorly with a pair of 



low lobes in form of reversed parentheses [) (] and sometimes at their 



inner tips a pair of papillae (more or less fused with the anterior lobes 



in nigripinnis and in pinniger); an inner row of barblets lateral to 



median lobes, one pair on each side; lower lip at each side of median 



part of chin lobelike, sometimes bearing 2 small papillae; 2 or 3 large 



papillae or knobs on each side along inner edge of groove of lower 



jaw; upper lip with a median papilla or knob and 5 more on each side; 



front edge of snout above groove without papillae but laterally 3 to 5 



knobs or papillae present or absent; sometimes another papilla 



occurring behind rictus and still another below rictus; gill membranes 



joined opposite fifth to seventh upper rays of pectoral fin; fleshy pad 



on outer base of pectoral fin with a free posterior membranous margin 



extending dorsally to opposite attachment of gill membranes; dorsal 



rays 10 to 19; pectoral fin rays 21 to 27; anus closer to anal origin 



than to rear margin of disk. (Maryland to West Indies to Brazil in 



Atlantic; Gulf of California to Peru and Cocos Island, in Pacific, 



Cotylis Miiller and Troschel.) Depth 4.5 to 6.5, eye 3.1 to 3.6 in 



length of base of dorsal fin; dorsal rays usually 11, anal usually 9, 



pectoral rays 22 to 26 (Maryland to West Indies to Brazil). 



Cotylis nigripinnis nigripinnis (Peters) 

 lb. No papilla on upper lip, lobelike structures occurring around lips of the 

 lower jaw when best developed being low knobs or ridges, chin lack- 

 ing inner series of papillae as described for Cotylis. 

 8a. Gill membranes joined at upper edge of pectoral fin base, sometimes 

 a little anteriorly, giving appearance of being opposite bases of 

 upper first to third pectoral fin rays or the orbits larger than inter- 



