NO. 1366. OSTEOLOGY OF BERYCOID FISHES— .STARKS. 609 



anjrlc of its prominent v\d^e. Its lower edge is sharply (Icnticulate. 

 The interorl)ital is rather broad, })ut is almost completely covered by 

 the preopercle. Its lower edge is sharply denticulate. The hyoman- 

 di])ular has an undivided head. Its form is elongate and rather simple. 

 There is no opening between it and the metapterygoid, or svmplectic. 

 The metapterygoid is a simple flat bone without an}- foramen or outer 

 wing. There is a space between the upper edge of the articular and 

 the upper limb of the dentary. The angular is present. A ver}- large 

 auxiliary bone extends along more than half of the posterior upper 

 edge of the maxillary, and reaches down over the face of it to the 

 lower edge. The suborbital ring is long and narrow, and with a deep 

 channel. The suborbital shelf is elongate and narrow. 



SHOULDER GIRDLE. 



The hypocoracoid arches away from the clavicle, leaving a wide 

 open space between. The hypercoracoid foramen is small and just 

 above the middle of the bone. The four actinosts are in contact for 

 their whole length, leaving no open space between. The}' grow larger 

 downward. They are all on the hypercoracoid except about half of 

 the lower one. The upper ra}^ of the pectoral works directly on a 

 condyle on the hypercoracoid. The postclavide is in two pieces, the 

 upper piece wide and thin, the lower long and slender. The supra- 

 clavicle is present. The post-temporal is widely forked and normally 

 attached to the cranium. 



PELVIC GIRDLE. 



Each side of the pelvic girdle extends upward anteriorly at its inner 

 edge, so that it is deeper than wide, and compressed to a thin vertical 

 edge. Its upper angle is produced into a slender process which extends 

 between the two sides of the shoulder girdle a distance above the points 

 of the clavicles. At its posterior end between the tins is a triangular 

 sharp process. 



HYOID ARCH. 



Branchiostegals seven; five of which are borne by the ceratohj'al 

 and two by the epihyal. The ceratohyal has a large foramen through 

 its center. The hypohvals are wide and flat, the inferior the largei". 

 The glossohyal is very small. The urohyal is ;i large, triangular, thin 

 bone, without ridges or wings. 



PHARYNGEALS. 



The inferior pharyngeals are large, separate, their inner edges in 

 contact. There are three toothed superior pharyngeals on each side. 

 That of the second arch is long and narrow, that of tiie third and 

 fourth together forming an ovate patch, having the line of separation 

 at the posterior third. 



