A REVIEW OF THE COTTTD.E OR SCULPINS FOUND IN 

 THE WATERS OF JAPAN. 



By David Starr Jordan and Edwin Chapin Starks, 



Of tlie Lelund tStanford Junior University. 



In the present paper is ^iven a review of the genera and species of 

 fishes of the family of Cottida?, known in English as Sculpins, in 

 Japanese as Kajika or Bero, found in the waters of Japan. The 

 paper is based on the collections made in 1900 by Professors Jordan 

 and Snyder and those made in the same year by the U. S. Fish Cora- 

 mission steamer Alhatross. Series of the species mentioned are depos- 

 ited in the United States National Museum and in the collections of 

 Leland Stanford fFunior University. The accompanying illustrations 

 are the work of Mrs. Chloe Lesley Starks. Capt. Charles Bradley 

 Hudson, Mr. Kako Morita, Mr. Sekko Shimada, and Mr. Robert 

 Logan Hudson. 



Family COTTlDiE. 



THE SCULPINS. 



Body moderately elongate, fusiform or compressed, tapering liack- 

 ward from the head, which is usuall}' })road and depressed. Eyes 

 placed high, the interocular space usuall}^ narrow; a bony staj' con- 

 necting the suborbital with the preopercle, usually covered by the 

 skin; upper angle of preopercle usually with 1 or more spinous pro- 

 cesses, the head sometimes wholly unarmed. Teeth equal, in villi- 

 form or cardiform bands on jaws, and often on vomer and palatines; 

 premaxillaries protractile; maxillaiy without supplemental bone. 

 Gills 3i or 4, slit behind the last small, often obsolete; gill rakers 

 short, tubercle-like or obsolete; gill membranes broadly connected, 

 often jointed to the istlnnus. Body naked, or variously ai'med with 

 scales, prickles, or ])ony plates, but never uniformly scaled; lateral 

 line present, simple, sometimes chain -like. Dorsal tins separate or 

 somewhat connected, the spines, (5 to 18 in numl)er, usually slender, 

 sometimes concealed in the skin, the soft part elongate; caudal fin 

 separate, usually rounded, rarely forked; anal fin similar to the soft 

 dorsal, without spines; pectoral fins large, with broad procurrent 

 bases, the rays mostly simple, the upper sometimes branched; ventrals 

 thoracic, rarely entirely wanting, the rays usually I, 3 to I, 5, their 



Proceedings U. S. National Museum. Vol. XXVII— No. 1358. 



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