NO. u«s. JAPANESE SCVLPINS— JORDAN AND STARK'S. 245 



tudiiiiil diameter of orbit 3^ in head; intororbital space very narrow, 

 shallowly concave, entirely- occupied by the .supraocular canals, which 

 unite in a .sint«-le pore opposite posterior margin of orbit; least inter- 

 ot'ular width two-thirds pupil; premaxillary processes projectiuj^T but 

 111 tie beyond the prolile; nasal spines very small; both pairs of nostrils 

 ill short tul)e8, the posterior situated on anterior orbital rim; occi))ut 

 with 2 very inconspicuous low-rounded ridges, appreciated with diffi- 

 culty, and sometimes entirely wanting. No trace of the occipital spine 

 seen in JVIassachusetts specimens of ArfedielluK afldvfirm, nor of the 

 conical i)rotul)erances descril)ed and figured l)y Collett in .1. uncina- 

 fii.s of Europe. Bar})els numerous; maxillary barbel large and con- 

 spicuous, sometimes simple, more often compound, furnished with 

 from 1 to 4 short lateral branches; a well-developed supraocular 

 cirrus, and a pair of cirri on posterior margin of occiput, the 

 latter occupying the position of occipital spines; a short cirrus near 

 base of opercular flap, and 2 or 8 on preopercle, 2 of which are 

 usually at base of the preopercular spines; 2 cirri on anterior 

 part t)f trunk, 1 immediatel}" above base of pectorals, the other 

 halfway between lateral line and front of spinuous dorsal; sometimes 

 additional cirri above front of lateral line, and on lower margin of 

 su])ocular ring; a series of 4 or 5 very short cirri crossing the eye 

 horizontally immediately above the pupil: gill membranes l)i-oadly 

 united, joined to the isthmus anteriorily with a wide free margin; 

 gills 3i, no slit or pore behind last arch; preopercular spines as in 

 Artedtellas unelnatus^ the upper one without smaller basal spine. 

 Dorsal fins well separated, low in females, extraordinarily dcveloi)ed 

 ill males, the spinous dorsal in the latter well overlapping front of 

 second dorsal and having all of the spines exserted. the median ones 

 for one-half their length; these exserted spines with their free por- 

 tions narrowlv margined with membrane which widens at their tips to 

 form a cutaneous flap; soft dorsal also somewhat elevated in males; 

 ventral fins reaching halfway to vent in females, about three-fourths 

 this distance^ in males. A series of 5 wide mucous slits running along 

 lower edge of su})orbital ring and across cheek; pores of lateral line 

 niiimte, at the ends of short downwardly directed branches, the main 

 line opening in a large slit-like pore at base of caudal. Color iiuich as 

 in ArfedlrlJus iinclnatus^ the lower parts whitish, inunarked, th(> ilor- 

 sal region of the trunk crossed by 3 wide dark bars, which often, in 

 adults, break up into spots separated by vermiculations of the lighter 

 ground color. 1 of these bars below the spinous dorsal, running down- 

 ward and forward to base of pectorals, the second under soft dorsal, 

 the third on caudal i)eduncle; top and sides of head gencially dark, 

 with fine light dots or vermiculations; a light streak stnnetimes pres- 

 ent, extending from preopercular spine forward and inward, meefmg 

 its fellow immediately behind e3'es; this V-shaped iiuirk usually absent 



