176 Frank Carney 



Jackson, Lawrence and Scioto counties. It is found also in Gal- 

 lia county, but not in a commercial thickness. 



The Lower Kittaning coal is not of much importance, though it is 

 worked at a few places. Its best development is found in Lawrence 

 and Jackson counties. Through Vinton and Hocking, this seam 

 is very thin, but is mined to some extent in Perry County. In 

 Muskingum County, near Zanesville, it is worked in a small area. 

 Through Coshocton, this seam has a slight development. It is 

 worked in only one township, Sandy, of Tuscarawas County. 

 In the southeastern part of Starke County, the Lower Kittaning 

 is mined. In Columbiana, its best development is found at 

 Leetonia where it has been used satisfactorily for coke. While 

 occuring also in Mahoning and Jefferson counties, it is of slight 

 importance. 



From Lawrence to Columbiana County, across the state, the 

 Middle Kittaning appears. Its most important area is the Hock- 

 ing Valley field. In Muskingum County, this seam runs from 

 2\ to 3| feet of good coal. One bed in Coshocton County measures 

 five feet thick. This horizon of coal is of much less importance 

 than the Lower Kittaning. 



In one mine of Lawrence County, in Symmes township, the 

 Upper Freeport coal appears as a four-foot seam. This horizon 

 is not of much account anywhere across the state. Possibly, with 

 better arrangements for shipping, its exploitation may proceed. 

 At present, however, the best deposits are worked in the vicinity 

 of Cambridge. 



Geography of Ohio in Pennsylvanian period. By consulting a 

 map which embraces the findings of Prof. Charles Schuchert on 

 the question of land and water areas during the late Pennsjd- 

 vanian period, in North America,-^ you will note that the western 

 and northwestern parts of Ohio were then dry land, and that an 

 arm of the interior sea extended eastward and northward through 

 Kentucky and southeastern Ohio into Pennsylvania. This was 

 a bay through which there does not appear to have been a direct 

 movement of sea water. The fossils and plants found in the 

 Pennsylvanian rocks indicate a variation from brackish to saline 

 conditions in this bay. 



About the margins of the ocean the land was low; extensive 



" Bulklhi Geological Society of America, vol. xx, (1910), plate 84. 



