Abandoned Shorelines of Vermilion Quadrangle 241 



islands in the early part of the Whittlesey period ; spits were devel- 

 oped from them; the spit reaching to the southwest appears to 

 have been tied first to the shore. Then the Whittlesey shore 

 line from Brownhelm trended northward. The two islands had 

 already been united by bars. A spit grew southward from the one 

 on the Oberlin sheet, eventually tying the islands again to the 

 shore. These outliers, thus doubly tied, formed a cape. The nor- 

 thern shore of the first island, and both the northern and eastern 

 shores of the second island, were cliffed by the Whittlesey waters. 

 About one-half mile east of Brownhelm, the Whittlesey beach 

 has the most pronounced development noted anywhere on the 

 sheet (fig. 2E). The steep landward slope of this ridge must 

 represent some post-glacial stream erosion. 



ISLANDS 



In addition to the above islands, which early became a part of 

 the shore line proper, three others are noted. One is northwest 

 of Brownhelm; it was eventually tied to the shore line; the con- 

 necting bar is very coarse near the island, but the gravel and cobble 

 become finer southward. On the northern part of this island, was 

 opened one of the earliest Berea quarries in this region. 



About a mile west of the Vermilion River, near the Warren 

 shore line is another island of Berea sandstone. This is completely 

 surrounded by beach materials. On its westei'n side successive 

 spits, growing southward, enclosed lagoons as indicated on my 

 map. 



Near the east side of the sheet, a spur from the Lake Shore 

 railroad reaches a quarry one mile north. This quarry is in an 

 outlier of the Berea, the top of which was slightly above the Whit- 

 tlesey level; it bears a ridge of gravel, but I did not note any cliff- 

 cutting. 



The Warren Shore Line 



Lake Whittlesey dropped 40 feet in the change to the Warren 

 level. Its shore line across half of the sheet is a cliff cut in the 

 Berea sandstone. This cliff -phase is without interruption for 

 the first three miles from the western edge of the sheet; then a 

 cusp of sand extends a short distance northward. Thence to the 



