Geography of Ohio 145 



In the lower part of the Niagara formations, splendid stone for 

 building purposes is found. This stone cuts well, particularly 

 the Dayton phase which is quarried extensively in Montgomery, 

 Miami, Clark, Greene, and Clinton counties, and to some extent 

 elsewhere in the southwestern part of the state. In all of these 

 districts many elegant buildings are made of the Dayton stone. 



The ]\Ionroe formation of the lower Helderberg supplies a good 

 stone, the ''Springfield" stone, especially from the upper part of 

 the formation. While this is quarried at several points, the prin- 

 cipal workings are at Greenfield in Highland County, and Belief on- 

 taine in Logan County. This formation is used extensively for 

 crushed stone in road-making. 



The Columbus formation of the Devonian furnishes more build- 

 ing stone than any other limestone horizon of the state; the Dela- 

 ware formation is also used; in the lower beds of each is found 

 stone of the best quality. Extensive quarrying operations in these 

 horizons are carried on at Kelly's Island, Marblehead, Marion, 

 Delaware, and Columbus. 



Sandstone. The early reputation of Ohio outside of the state, 

 as a source of building stone, came through its sandstone quarries. 

 The oldest period which contains this form of clastic rock in 

 suitable condition for structural purposes, in the state, is the Mis- 

 sissippian; the Berea formation is the most extensively used. 

 This stone has a color, a texture, and an ease of working, that 

 account for its popularity. It is a very durable stone, and in 

 general holds the original color, or changes color uniformly under 

 exposure. In the early days the Berea workings were developed 

 near growing towns. Even the outcropping edges of the beds, 

 which had weathered into loose blocks, were worked roughly and 

 carted miles into Cleveland. Some farmers made a business of 

 supplying local demands, and did the hauling during the season 

 when the farm work was slack. Later regular quarrying opera- 

 tions were begun ; teams and oxen were still used for transporting 

 the stone. With the appearance of railroads and the opening of 

 the new quarries adjacent, the old ones gradually lost trade. 



The Berea formation comes to the surface in a general north- 

 south strip through the state. In the vicinit}^ of Cleveland its 

 outcrop trends slightly to the southwest, and then directly towards 

 the Ohio river. At Cleveland, Berea, West View, Columbia 

 Station, Grafton, Amherst and Berlin Heights are found the princi- 



