234 Frank Carney 



thickness of this formation at Berhn Heights, but from the base 

 of the escarpment to the highest point nearby where Berea rock 

 exists, there is an interval of about 150 feet. In addition to this 

 stratigraphic influence in bringing these old shore lines within a 

 narrow horizontal range, the rock structure has also been a very 

 strong factor in both the texture and the outline of the Whittlesey 

 and Maumee beaches. 



The Maumee Shore Line 



West of the Vermilion quadrangle these beaches trend to the 

 south, on account of a bay which occupied the depression followed 

 by the Huron River. Southeast of Berlin Heights, it is evident that 

 the Maumee, during its earliest period, had an altitude of 780-790 

 feet. This position did not last long, but the multiplicity of dis- 

 connected ridges, and the great number of dunes at slightly higher 

 altitudes, are evidence of wave-produced sand. Disconnected 

 ridges are found also west and north of Florence. It is possible 

 that they represent the work of a small local body of water along 

 the front of the ice previous to the Maumee stage. 



About Berlin Heights the shore structures are very irregular, 

 a condition due to the dissection of the Berea. The high rock 

 hills, which suggested the name of ''Berlin Heights" furnished the 

 waves an inexhaustible supply of sand. During the early Maumee 

 stage these hills were islands and from their sides spits were devel- 

 oped, especially to the south and west, and winds shifted the sand 

 into dunes making accurate mapping of the original beaches 

 quite impossible. 



Extending northeast from the "corners" in Berlin Heights is 

 an extensive deposit of coarse beach gravel from which, several 

 years ago, railroad ballast was taken. I have not found it 

 possible to distinguish the two Maumee levels here, because the 

 area has been so mutilated in removing the gravel. 



Eastward from the quarry, located in the northernmost of these 

 Berea outliers, a complex arrangement of sand and gravel ridges 

 extends to and beyond Ogontz. The highest of these, which 

 crosses the roadway about one-half mile south of Ogontz, is 

 strong; it clearly represents the upper Maumee level. The shore 

 line here at first curved to the south in a bay which was eventu- 

 ally shut off by the growth of a spit. The first spit-development 



