236 Frank Carney 



proceeded eastward over one-quarter of a mile; the second one, 

 which eventuallj^ became the shore line, is followed by the high- 

 way from Berlin Heights to Ogontz. This beach eastward is quite 

 parallel to the earliest ridge; Chappel Creek flows between the two. 

 Just south of this area is another outlier of Berea sandstone which 

 has an altitude of 830 feet ; this afforded a good supply of beach 

 material. North of this outlier the beach developed a cusp ; east- 

 ward the shore line at first turned to the south; later, however, this 

 irregularity was straightened, leaving the earlier ridge isolated. 

 From this vicinity eastward for nearly two miles the Maumee 

 beaches are parallel; locally they have been united by wind- 

 drifted sand. 



At a point about two miles west of the Vermilion River the 

 shore line of the upper level again becomes very irregular. This 

 condition is due probably to the two factors : one, abundance of 

 beach material supplied by outcropping sandstone; the other, the 

 slight bay in the depression now occupied by the Vermilion River, 

 which the shore line tended to straighten. At first this bay was 

 approximately two miles deep, extending south to the vicinity of 

 Birmingham; but this stage did not last long because of the growth 

 of spits from the western angle of the bay; enough gravel and sand, 

 however, has been found in scattered segments to establish its 

 early outline. The numerous lagoons, forming in parallel series, 

 show the successive development of spits into bars before this 

 Maumee shore line became stable. So far as can be inferred from a 

 study of the ridges, it seems evident that the final position of the 

 upper beach here was strong enough to account for the east-west 

 direction of the Vermilion River for about a mile. I have mapped 

 this ridge a little east of the angle where the river turns south, 

 but have hesitated to carry it farther eastward because so much of 

 the beach materials has been removed by the under-cutting of 

 the stream. That there was abundant gravel and sand farther east 

 of it, however, is shown at disconnected points, especially in the 

 pre-historic earth works about one-quarter of a mile east of the 

 highway that rises northward up out of the river valley. 



On the east side of the Vermilion River the highway trending 

 a little north of east follows the upper Maumee shore line. 

 Throughout the whole of this distance the beach is very distinctly 

 marked, and has been cut by recent drainage at only one point; for 

 the first mile, there are two distinct ridges (fig. 2A). Near the 



