. Geography of Ohio 393 



direction of flow caused by the east-west trend of a moraine which 

 the stream crosses a short distance east of Kingsville in Ashta- 

 bula county. After crossing the moraine, the creek turns east- 

 ward along the beach of glacial lake Whittlesey for about two 

 miles; then it cuts through the beach, but after flowing north one 

 mile its course is diverted to the east again by the abandoned 

 shore ridges of lake Warren. At Conneaut the creek channels 

 the Warren beach, and flows directly north to the lake. 



Conneaut creek is a typical example of the influence which mo- 

 raines and the beaches of ice-front lakes have exercised on the 

 direction of post-glacial streams. 



Ashtabula river. This stream also rises in Pennsylvania; 

 it flows thence across the northeastern part of Ashtabula county. 

 In some places the Ashtabula has cut a beautiful channel through 

 the lower Pennsylvanian sandstones. Its course is very irregu- 

 lar where it crosses the moraine referred to above. The city of 

 Ashtabula has grown along this river northward from its inter- 

 section with the Whittlesey shoreline ; nearly the entire distance 

 of three miles between this beach and Lake Erie, the river is 

 bordered by this rapidly growing city, a response to the harbor 

 facilities and the steel industry. 



Grand river. This stream rises in Trumbull county and flows 

 almost directly north to within about twenty miles of the lake, 

 when it is diverted to the west by a heavy band of moraine. A 

 few miles south of Painesville it bears northward again, entering 

 the lake through a narrow gorge cut in Cleveland shales. Through- 

 out the last mile of its course, however, its banks are not high. 

 That the Grand river has been much shortened, perhaps in part 

 through glacial interference, has already been stated (p. 391). In 

 some parts of its course, a canyon-like cross-section shows how the 

 declining level of Lake Erie, lower now by about 170 feet than 

 the level to which the river was once graded, has tended to 

 beautify all the streams now tributary to it. 



Chagrin river. The major part of its basin lies in Geauga 

 county, though its remotest tributar}^ rises in Portage county. 

 This stream also has precipitous cliffs through much of its course. 

 The Cleveland shales have been easily eroded as the stream has 

 lowered its bed to its present base-level. The multiplicity of 

 tributaries from Geauga county represents the influence of the 

 harder Pennsvlvanian rocks. 



