400 Frank Carney 



ties. The Licking is a composite stream, the result of drainage 

 modifications antedating the last glacial epoch. Between Zanes- 

 ville and Marietta the Muskingum receives no important tribu- 

 taries, no creek more than 20 miles long. 



So far as investigation has proceeded, the Muskingum also 

 surpasses other streams of our state in its interesting history. 

 Students were early attracted by the drainage irregularities so 

 obvious throughout its basin. Many of these have been unraveled, 

 so that now it is possible to trace the history of this river to an 

 early date. 



Following the Ohio upstream, from Marietta to the Pennsyl- 

 vania state line, we find no important tributaries, and only two 

 that measure more than 20 miles in length. Entering the river 

 less than two miles east of Marietta, is Duck creek, which drains 

 most of Noble county and receives some accessions on its way to 

 the river through Washington county. About two miles farther 

 upstream, we find the Little Muskingum, which rises in Monroe 

 county and takes an irregular course southwestward, parallel to 

 the Ohio river. 



The divide between the Ohio river and the Muskingum is so 

 near the Ohio that it receives from the west no important branches 

 between Marietta and East Liverpool. In time these short Ohio 

 tributaries may push their headwaters westward at the expense 

 of the Muskingum drainage basin. 



Little Beaver river. Most of Columbiana county is drained by 

 this stream, which has numerous branches. It is a short river 

 but embraces some interesting features. A small part of its 

 course, just before meeting the Ohio, lies east of the state line. 



Mahoning river. Portions of Trumbull, Portage and Stark 

 counties and nearly all of Mahoning county are within the basin 

 of this stream, which joins the Beaver river at Newcastle, Pa. 

 Its headwaters reach into some high altitudes where the Pennsyl- 

 vanian formations outcrop. 



Summary 



There is much variation in the character of the relief of Ohio; 

 but the areas illustrating the different types are not set off sharply 

 from each other; they blend so well that the observer scarcely 

 notes the change in passing from the youthful topography into 



