BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 97 



in light phase; tail as in light phase (one specimen, however, with four 

 instead of three dark bands); lower breast, abdomen, sides, flanks, 

 thighs, and under tail coverts white very heavily streaked with fuscous 

 black and black, the streaks, caused by large dark centers to the 

 feathers, largest and most pronounced on the breast and upper 

 abdomen, where the blackish far outweighs the white; the lower 

 abdomen and under tail coverts sometimes almost free from dark 

 markings; under wing coverts mottled white and fuscous; iris "hazel" 

 in one specimen, "orange brown" in another; bill black, cere, bare lores, 

 and mandibular rami rich "gamboge" yellow; feet rich "gamboge" 

 yellow. ®° 



There has been some question, caused wholly by lack of information, 

 as to whether both phases do really appear in the first pennaceous 

 plumage; if they do, as I suspect, then the plumages here called 

 Juvenal are both correctly allocated. The only description known to 

 me of a specimen molting from natal down into pennaceous feathering 

 is of a bird in the light phase. Gurney ^^ has described this specimen, 

 which agrees with the present light-phase juvenal plumage. 



Natal down. — Apparently unloiown. 



Adult male.— Wing 290-338 (309.8); tail 208-250 (227.6); culmen 

 from cere 22.5-25 (24); tarsus 47-51 (49); middle toe without claw 

 35-42.5 (40.6 mm.).62 



Adult female.— Wing 303-338 (314.1); tail 220-263 (236); culmen 

 from cere 22.5-26 (24.3); tarsus 46-54 (49.8); middle toe without claw 

 34-42 (37.6 mm.).^^ 



Range. — Tropical Mexico (from Tampico, Tamaulipas, Vera Cruz, 

 Oaxaca, and Yucatan) south through Central America to Colombia, 

 Venezuela, Trinidad, and the Guianas, to southern Brazil, Paraguay, 

 northern Argentina (Chaco and Upper Parand, Misiones), Bolivia 

 (Rio Surutu) and to the Upper Rio Ucayali, Peru; everywhere resident 

 chiefly in dense jungle near water. 



Type locality. — Bahia, Brazil. 

 Falco cayennensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. 1, 1788, 269, not of p. 263 which = 

 Pandion haliaetus carolinensis (Cayenne; based on Cayenne Falcon, Latham, 

 Syn., i, pt. 1, 59, No. 40; habitat in Cayenne). — Daudin, Traite d'Orn., ii, 

 1800, 74 (not of p. 64).— Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., iii, 1816, 161.— 

 Spix, Av. Bras., i, 1824, 13, [pi. viii c] (Bahia). 

 Falco cayanensis Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 28. — Shaw, Gen. ZooL, vii, 1809, 



«" Gurney (Ibis, 1880, 322-329) describes a variation of the dark phase in which 

 there is a rufescent nuchal collar, as figured by Temminck (Planches Col., pi. 270). 



«' Ibis, 1880, 322-329. 



«2 Nine specimens from Costa Rica, Panama, British Guiana, Brazil, and 

 Bolivia. 



" Ten specimens from El Salvador, Panama, Colombia, British Guiana, and 

 Brazil 



