BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 51 



li, 1939, 183, in text (mentioned). — Bond, Condor, xlii, 1940, 250, in text 

 (Pyramid Lake, Nev.; few seen; nest). — Burleigh and Lowery, Occ. Pap. 

 Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ., No. 8, 1940, 96 (mentioned). — Davis, 

 Condor, xlii, 1940, 81, in text (Brazos County, Tex.; permanent res.). — 

 Rivers, Condor, xliii, 1941, 65 in text (Whiterock, Nev.; feeding habits). — 

 Blake and Hanson, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., zool. ser., xxii, 1942, 525, 

 in text (Michoacdn; in plateau, replaced by aura in lowlands). — Twomey, 

 Ann. Carnegie Mus., xxviii, 1942, 375 (Uinta Basin, Utah). — Beiile, Bull. 

 Univ. Utah, xxxiv, No. 2, 1943, 23, 25 (sw. Utah; Washington County; 

 Pine Valley Mountain region); Condor, xlvi, 1944, 70 (Utah; common sum- 

 mer res.). — American Ornithologists' Union, Auk, Ixi, 1944, 444 (no- 

 mencl.). — Grinnell and Miller, Pacific Coast Avif., No. 27, 1944, 94 

 (California; present throughout year). — Haecker, Moser, and Swenk, 

 Nebraska Bird Rev., xiii, 1945, 8 (Nebraska; uncommon to rare summer 

 res.; breeds). — Packard, Auk, Ixii, 1945, 374 (Rocky Mountain National 

 Park, Colo.). — Woodbury and Russell, Bull. Univ. Utah, xxxv, 1945, 34 

 ("Navaho Country," se. Utah and ne. Arizona; common summer res.). — 

 Alcorn, Condor, xlviii, 1946, 132 (Laliontan Valley, Nev.). — Arvey, Univ. 

 Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., i, 1947, 198 (Idaho). 



Genus GYMNOGYPS Lesson 



Gymnogyps lesson, Echo du Monde Savant, s^r. 2, vi, No. 44, Dec. 8, 1842, 



col. 1037. (Type, by monotypy, Vultur californianus Shaw.) 

 Pseudogryphus Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. North Amer. 



Birds, iii, 1874, 337, 338. (Type, by original designation and monotypy, 



Vultur californianus Shaw.) 

 Pseudogryps (emendation) Coues, Check List North Amer. Birds, ed. 2, 1882, 



91, in text. 

 Oenops (part) Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., i, 1874, 28. (Type, Cathartes 



aura.) 

 Sarcorhamphus Reichenow, Die Vogel, i, 1913, 362, part. 



Very large Cathartidae (wing more than 750 mm.), with anterior 

 portion of head much elongated, the eyes being situated far behind 

 a point midway between tip of bill and posterior extremity of head; 

 cere elevated posteriorly, where higher than the depressed forehead; 

 without caruncles or well-defined corrugation on naked skin of head 

 or neck, and with the plumage commencing on lower neck with narrow 

 lanceolate, acuminate, rather rigid feathers, these continued over 

 breast and other underparts. 



Bill relatively short and broad, the length of rhino theca of maxilla 

 rather less than one-fourth the length of entire head; mandible 

 relatively deep, its depth at the prominent gonydeal angle a httle 

 less than half the depth of closed bill; cere relatively very long, its 

 length from base of culmen to frontal depression equal to nearly 

 twice the length (chord) of culmen and nearly equal to distance 

 from frontal depression to posterior extremity of head, its anterior 

 outUne unique (in the family), advancing farthest on top, where 

 receding from base of culmen at a very slight angle to a point nearly 



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