BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 39 



from cere 24-26 (25); tarsus 70-75 (72.8); middle toe without claw 

 63.5-70 (66.1 mm.) (10 specimens). 



Range. — Southern Ontario, central New York, Connecticut, south- 

 western Massachusetts, New Jersey, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and 

 central and eastern Iowa, south through Missouri and Arkansas to 

 Louisiana, the Gulf States, and southern Florida (at least to Miami 

 and Cedar Keys; no specimens seen from the extreme tip of the 

 peninsula or from the keys). Breeds north to Michigan, southeastern 

 New York, and Connecticut; winters throughout its range except 

 north of the Ohio Valley; casual in northern Ontario, Quebec, New 

 Hampshire, Maine, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, 

 and Newfoundland Labrador. 



Type locality. — Near New Harmony, Ind. 



Vullur aura Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 86, part (citation of Catesby, 

 Carolina, i, p. 6, pi. 6); ed. 12, i, 1766, 122, part.— Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 

 pt. 1, 1788, 246, part. — Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 4, part. — Mease, Gaol. 

 Account United States, 1807, 347, in text (South Carolina; Georgia). — 

 ViEiLLOT, Ois. Amer. Sept., i, 1807, 25, pi. 2 bis part. — Wilson, Amer. 

 Orn., ix, 1814, 96, pi. 75, fig. 1, part. — Bonaparte, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 

 New York, iii, 1824, 842, part (crit.).— Audubon, Edinburgh Journ. Sci., 

 vi, 1827, 156 in text, part (compared with Coragyps). 



Cathartes aura Bonaparte, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, iii, pt. 2, 1824, 

 342, part; Obs. Wilson's Amer. Orn., 1826, [2] part; Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 

 New York, ii, pt. 1, 1826, 23; Contr. Maclurian Lye, i, 1827, 10, part; Geogr. 

 and Comp. List, 1838, 1; Consp. Gen. Av., i, 1850, 9; Rev. Mag. Zool., vi, 

 1854, 530, part. — Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Amer., ii, 1831, 

 4, part.— NuTTALL, Man. Orn. United States and Canada, Land Birds, 1832, 

 43; ed. 2, 1840, 44, part.— Audubon, Orn. Biogr., ii, 1834, 296, pi. 151; v, 

 1839, 339, part; Synopsis, 1839, 2, part; Birds Amer., 8vo ed., i, 1840, 15, pi. 

 2, part.— GiRAUD, Birds Long Island, 1844, 1 (Long Island, N. Y., rare). — 

 Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, iv, 1849, 159, part (crit.); in 

 Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 4, part.— Hot, Proc. Acad. Nat. 

 Sci. Philadelphia, vi, 1853, 304 (Wisconsin). — Barry, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. 

 Hist., V, 1854, 1 (Wisconsin; rare). — Maximilian, Journ. fur Orn., 1856, 119, 

 part (history, descr., etc.). — Brewer, North Amer. Ool., i, 1857, 1, pi. 1, 

 fig, 1, 2, part. — Baird, Cat. North Amer. Birds, 1859, No. 1, part. — Martens, 

 Journ. fiir Orn., 1859, 212 (Bermuda). — Boardman, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. 

 Hist., ix, 1862, 122 (Calais, Maine).— Taylor, Ibis, 1862, 129 (Florida).— 

 Verrill, Proc. Essex Inst., iii, 1862, 156 (Oxford County, Maine).— Schle- 

 GEL, Mus. Pays-Bas, ii. No. 10, livr. 2, 1863, 3, part (monogr.); No. 36, livr. 

 10, 1873, 139, part.— Gurnet, Descr. Cat. Rapt. Birds Norfolk and Nor- 

 wich Mus., pt. 1, 1864, 42, part (Florida). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. 

 Hist. New York, viii, 1866, 279 (Flushing and Rockaway, Long Island). — 

 McIlwraith, Proc. Essex Inst., v, 1868, 80 (Hamilton, Ontario). — Coues 

 Key North Amer. Birds, 1872, 222, part; Check List North Amer. Birds, 1873, 

 No. 365, part; Birds Northwest, 1874, 379, in part; Check List North Amer. 

 Birds, ed. 2, 1882, No. 537, part; Key North Amer. Birds, ed. 2, 1884, 559, 

 part. — Boies, Cat. Birds Southern Michigan, 1875, No. 142 (s. Michigan; 

 trans.).— Brewster, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, xi, 1875, 145 (Ritchie 

 County, W. Va.); Auk, xxiii, 1906, 221 (Aquaforte. Newfoundland, Nov. 



