BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 33 



;a. Head in life mainly red; general coloration less dark, more variegated, with 

 brownish edgings to feathers, sheen of feathers of dorsal surface with 

 purple predominating, green restricted or nearly absent, wing coverts 

 distinctly margined with brownish, this color often extensive. 



C. aura and races 

 6. Size larger, wings over 530 mm. 



c. Upper wing coverts with distinct brownish edges; plumage fuscous black 

 or brownish black ((eastern United States). 



C. a. septentrionalis (p. 38) 

 cc. Upper wing coverts with little or restricted brownish marginal color; 



plumage black, not brownish black C. a. jota " (extralimital) 



bb. Size smaller, wings under 530 mm. 



c. Upper wing coverts, especially the median ones, and the secondaries, 



with grayish margins C. a. falklandica " (extralimital) 



cc. Upper wing coverts and secondaries with no grayish margins. 



d. Plumage fuscous black; the upper wing coverts with distinct brownish 

 edges. 



7 (ex. Natterer MS.). — Oenops umbitinga Sharps, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., i, 1874, 

 26, pi. 2, fig. 2. — Oenops pernigra Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., i, 1874, 26 

 (n. side Amazon River). — Rhinogryphus perniger Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 

 i, 1874, 455; Gurney, List Diurn. Birds Prey, 1884, 4. — Rhinogryphus urubitinga 

 Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., i, 1874, 455. — Catharlcs perniger Sharpe, Handlist, 

 i, 1899, 2iO.—Cathartes ruficollis Chubb, Birds Brit. Guina, i, 1916, 211, part 

 (Brit. Guiana); Swann, Synop. Accip., pt. 1, 1921, 4. — Cathartes aura (not Vultur 

 aura Linnaeus) Maximilian, Beitr. Natur. Bras., iii, 1830, 64; d'Orbigny, Voy. 

 Am6r. M6rid., Ois., 1835, 38, pi. 1, figs. 3, 4; Tschudi, Fauna Peruana, Aves, 

 1845, 71; Burmeister, Th. Bras., ii, 1855, 30; Journ. fur Orn., 1860, 241 (La 

 Plata); Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1868, 1; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 

 1867, 589 (Para), 988; Norn. Av. Neotr. 1873, 123 (part); (?) Allen, Bull. Essex 

 Inst., viii, 1876, 82 (Marajo, lower Amazon). — Cathartes jota (nee Vultur iota 

 Molina) Cassin, Orn. U. S. Expl. Exped., 1858, 83, pi. 1. — Cathartes urubitinga 

 (nee Pelzeln) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1867, 589; Swann, 

 Monogr. Birds Prey, pt. 1, 1924, 17 (monogr.); Wetmore, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 

 133, 1926, 86 (syn., habits). — Rhinogryphus uriibitinga Gurney, Ibis, 1875, 94 

 (colors of head in Hfe). — Cathartes pernigra Ridgway, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, v, 

 1880, 84 (crit.); Man. North Amer. Birds, 1887, 221; Brabourne and Chubb, 

 Birds South Amer., i, 1913, 62. 



21 Cathartes aura jota. — Vulture Jota Molina, Saggio Stor. Nat. Chili, 1782, 

 265 (Chile; restricted to Concepci6n by Swann, S3mop. Accip. ed. 2, 1922, 4). — 

 Cathartes aura meridionalis Swann, Synop. Accip., ed. 2, 1922, 3 (Colombia). — 

 Cathartes occipitalis Stolzmann, Ann. Zool. Mus. Polon. Hist. Nat., iv, 1925, 319 

 (Huambo, 3,700 feet, ne. Peru). — Cathartes jota Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Av., 

 i, 1850, 9, part; Rev. Mag. Zool., vi, 1854, 530; Cassin, Rep. U. S. Naval Astron. 

 Exped. (Gilliss), ii, 1855, 172 (Chile; cirt.). — Cathartes aura (not Vultur aura 

 Linnaeus) d'Orbigny and Lafresnaye, Synop. Avium, 1837, 2, part; Tschudi, in 

 Wiegmann's Archiv fur Naturg., x, pt. 1, 1844, 262 {Vern) .—Cathartes aura jota 

 Swann, Monogr. Birds Prey, i, 1924, 12 (monogr.); Wetmore, U. S. Nat. Mus. 

 Bull. 133, 1926, 91 (syst.); Peters, Check list Birds of World, i, 1931, 191 (distr.); 

 Reynolds, Ibis, 1931, 26 (Woodcock Island, Beagle Channel). 



22 Cathartes aura falklandica. — Catharista falklandica Sharpe,^ Ann. Mag. 

 Nat. Hist., ser. 4, xi, 1873, 133 (Falkland Islands, type from Berkeley Sound).— 



