BIRDS or NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 81 



Birds of the World, i, 1931, 194. — American Ornithologists' Union, 

 Check-list, ed. 4, 1931, 63. 

 <Elanoidinae Shufeldt, Ibis, 1891, 232 (Elanoides only). 



Superciliary process of the lachrymal simple and much abbreviated 

 (as in the Pandionidae) but not ankylosed with the frontal bone; 

 coracoids not overlapping at sternum; upper portion of anterior face 

 of tarsometatarsus with no bony ring; but with the two posterior 

 processes more or less fused into a ring; outer (fourth) toe not rever- 

 sible; claws graduated in size and flattened or slightly grooved beneath; 

 deep plantar tendons of type III; tendons of biceps not split; tensores 

 patagii not peculiar; palate desmognathous, caeca minute; cervical 

 vertebrae 13-14; sides of head densely feathered close up to eyelids, 

 the eyes prominent and not overhung by a superciliary shield; feet 

 small, tarsus very short, scarcely exceeding the middle toe in length; 

 outer and middle toes not united at the base by a membrane; tarsus 

 covered with irregular, usually hexagonal, scales, never scutellate; 

 middle claw with its inner edge much produced, convex, sharp, some- 

 times with rudimentary pectinations; plumage soft. 



The Perninae is represented in North and Middle America by three 

 genera, Elanoides, Leptodon, and Chondrohierax. In the Old 

 World are found three others, Aviceda,^ Pernis,^^ and Henicopernis.^^ 

 The last two, the true honey buzzards, may be taken as "typical" of 

 the subfamily. They are more like Leptodon than lilve Elanoides or 



^ Aviceda Swainson, Classif. Birds, i, 1836, 300 (diagnosis; no included species). 

 Type, by subsequent designation, Aviceda cuculoides Swainson, op. cit., ii, 1837, 

 214. — Avicida (emendation) Strickland, Ann. Nat. Hist., vi, 1841, 416. — Lophasiur 

 Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xi, 1842, 463 (type, by monotypy, Pernis jerdoni 

 B\yila = Lophotes reinwardti MuUer and Schlegel) = Lop/ioies (not of Giorna 1803) 

 Lesson, Traite d'Orn., 1830, 96 (type, by monotypy, L. indicus Lesson = Falco 

 lophotes Temminck). — Baza Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, v, 1836 (1837) 

 777 (type of monotypy, B. syama B.odgson = Falco leuphotes Dumoni) .—Lepido- 

 gemjs (J. E. Gray) Gould, Synop. Birds Australia, iii, April, 1838, in text to pi. 

 46 (new name for Lophotes Lesson, preoccupied). — Lepidogenis (emendation) 

 Lesson, Rev. Zool., ii, 1839, 133. — Hyptiopus Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 

 X, 1841, 27 (new name for Baza Hogdson). — Hyptyopus (emendation) Blyth, 

 Journ. Aisat. Soc. Bengal, xi, 1842, 104. — Hyiiopus (emendation) Sharpe, Cat. 

 Birds Brit. Mus., i, 1874, 351 (in synonymy of Baza). 



" Pernis Cuvier, R6gne Anim., i, 1817 (1816), 322 (type, by monotypy, Falco 

 apivorus Linnaeus). — Penis (lapsus) Jardine, ed. Wilson's Am. Orn., ii, 1832, 275 

 footnote. — Pernes (emendation) Gloger, Hand-und Hilsfbuch, 1842 (1841), 

 2l5.~-Plernes (emendation) Gloger, Hand-und Hilfsbuch, 1842. (1841), 215. — 

 Pfernis (emendation) Newton Diet. Birds, 1893, 426. — Pterochalinus Gloger, 

 Hand-und Hilfsbuch, 1842 (1841), 215 (new name for Pernts Cuvier). 



" Henicopernis G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, 153 (type^ by mono- 

 typy, Astur longicauda Lesson = i^aZco longicauda Garnot) ; Hartert, Nov. Zool., 

 xxxiii, 1926, 126-127; Peters, Check-list Birds of the World, i, 1931, 198. 



