BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 247 



on the tlu'oat and breast, and with the thighs heavily barred or spotted 

 with fuscous-brown; his pale yellowish gray to very pale bister brown; 

 bill as in adult; orbital ridge blackish olive; cere greenish yellow to 

 gamboge ; gape ckrome yellow ; feet bright hght chrome yellow. 



Natal down. — BufFy wliite. 



Adult male.— Wino; 358-404 (387); tail 207-237 (223.4); culmen 

 from cere 23.5-28.5 (25.4); tarsus 80.8-93 (85.4); middle toe without 

 claw 39.8-48.5 (43.8 mm.).^^ 



Adult female. —Wmg 38G-428 (411.2); tail 220-249 (230.9) ; culmen 

 from cere 24.6-30.5 (27.4); tarsus 82-96 (88.4); middle toe without 

 claw 41.5-54.5 (47.1 mm.).^^ 



Range. — Breeds from Alaska (Circle, Tanana River, etc.), the Yukon 

 (Forty Mile), west-central Mackenzie, the interior of British Colum- 

 bia, Alberta, western and southern Saskatchewan, and southern 

 Manitoba to western and south-central Minnesota (intergrading with 

 borealis in central, and, occasionally, even in eastern, Mimiesota and 

 Wisconsin) ; south to southern Baja California, Sonora, and Chihuahua 

 in the west, and to western Missouri, western Oklahoma, and w^estern 

 and northwestern Texas on the east, intergrading with borealis all 

 along its eastern Hmits; the exact southern hmits are not known. 



Winters from southwestern British Columbia and southern Minne- 

 sota south thi'oughout its breeding range east to Louisiana (West 

 Baton Rouge and Iberville) and farther south through Mexico (in- 

 cluding Guadalupe Island) and Guatemala to the mountains of 

 northern Nicaragua (Volcdn de Chinandega; Matagalpa; San Juan 

 del Sm-) . 



Casual in Ilhnois; accidental in western Pennsylvania and New 

 Jersey (Andover). 



Type locality. — Fort Webster, N. Mex. 



Buteo borealis (not Falco borealis Gmelin) Vigors, Zool. Voy. Blossom, 1839, 15. — 

 Gambel, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1846, 45 (Cahfornia); Journ. 

 Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, i, 1847, 26 (California). — Gray, List Spec. 

 Brit. Mus., ed. 2, 1848, 34, part (San Francisco, Calif.; Mexico). — Baird, 

 Rep. Stansbury's Expl. Great Salt Lake, 1852, 314 (Salt Lake Valley); 

 Rep. U. S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. 2, 1859, 3 (Jamacha Ranch and 

 Santa Ysabel, Calif.). — Heermann, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, ii, 

 1853, 239 (California).— Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1855, 

 279, part (crit.).— Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, 389 (Talea, 

 Oaxaca). — Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, 217 (Duenas, Guatemala); 

 Norn. Av. Neotr., 1873, 118, part.— (?) Blakiston, Ibis, 1863, 45 (interior 

 nw. Canada). — Coues, Key North Amer. Birds, 1872, 216, part. — Allen, 

 Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist, xvii, 1874, 34 (Montana and Dakota; occas.). — 

 Hoffman, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., xviii, 1875, 173 (Grand River Agency, 

 Dakota Terr.; occas.).— Lawrence, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 4, 1875, 41 



2^ Thirty-seven specimens from all parts of the range. 

 26 Forty-five specimens from all parts of the range. 



