BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 297 



Juvenal. — Pale phase (sexes alike) : Very different from the adults 

 below, less so above; upperparts as in adult, but the forehead broadly, 

 not narrowly, buffy white, the feathers of the crown, occiput, and nape 

 very broadly edged with buffy white to pale tawnj^ making these areas 

 seem light with fuscous-black shaft streaks; the tertials and median 

 upper wing coverts much marked with bufl'y white or pale tawny, 

 subterminally broadly tipped with fuscous-black and basally barred 

 with same (in some specimens there is very little of the pale color — ■ 

 about as in adults) ; remiges as in adults; rectrices as in adults but with 

 the barring extending to the outer webs of the outermost pair; cheeks 

 and auriculars pinkish buff to cinnamon-buff narrowly streaked with 

 fuscous-black; malar stripe fuscous-black; chin and middle of throat 

 pinkish buff to cinnamon-buff as are also the rest of the underparts, 

 usually becoming more cinnamomeous on the sides, flanks, and 

 thighs; the breast and upper abdomen with large pear-shaped fuscous- 

 black to dark fuscous-brown spots, the number and size of these spots 

 very variable; lower abdomen, thighs, and under tail coverts un- 

 spotted, like the chin and throat; under wing coverts pinkish buff to 

 cinnamon-buff, sparsely marked with fuscous; iris pale reddish brown; 

 other soft parts as in adults. 



Juvenal. — Rufous phase (sexes alike) : Similar to the corresponding 

 plumage of the pale phase, but with the pale areas on the upperparts 

 washed with rufous; the edges of the feathers orange-cinnamon to 

 hazel; the upper tail coverts, however, largely white with little rufes- 

 cent wash; underparts definitely washed with cinnamon; the chin and 

 middle of the throat not immaculate, but with a few fuscous spots; 

 the spots on the breast and upper abdomen indefinitely margined with 

 cinnamon and extending over the lower abdomen, flanks, and under 

 tail coverts as well; the thighs heavily tinged with hazel and broadly 

 barred with fuscous. 



Juvenal. — Black phase (sexes alike) : Much darker than the pale 

 phase; upperparts similar to that of the pale phase, but with the dark 

 parts blacker and with the dusky bars on the upper tail coverts much 

 wider; the pale areas on the tertials and upper back more restricted 

 basally and hence less visible; entire underparts from chin to thighs and 

 lower abdomen very heavily spotted with fuscous-black, the general 

 appearance of the underparts being fuscous-black spotted with pale 

 tawny rather than vice versa as in the pale phase; under tail coverts 

 as in pale phase, but narrowly barred with fuscous-black; under wing 

 coverts fuscous-black spotted with tawny-buff. 



Natal down. — White. 



Adult male.~Wmg 362-406 (383.6); tail 185-214 (204.6); culmen 



