456 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



plumages are really intermediate stages in pattern as well as in chronol- 

 ogy, between the juvenal and the adult plumages. 



Juvenal (sexes alike). — Generally much darker, more blackish, than 

 adult, from nearly black to fuscous-black to dark clove brown, often 

 with a dull purplish gloss above; the underparts usually a little more 

 brownish, less blackish than the upperparts; the purplish gloss, when 

 present, confined to the breast and lower throat, the feathers of the 

 upper surface of the back and head white basally for about a third of 

 their length, those of the underparts with still more extensive white 

 bases; tail white or whitish washed with ashy gray on the lateral 

 feathers, subterminally crossed by a broad terminal band of dark 

 olive-brown to fuscous (in fresh plumage narrowly tipped with white) ; 

 the broad white basal part more or less mottled or spotted with 

 dusky browTiish just anterior to the brown band; inner primaries and 

 all the secondaries with considerable white basally; tarsi dull whitish. 



Natal down. — ^On hatching, completely and densely covered, except 

 on toes and back of tarsi, vni\\ dirty white to yellowish white down 

 with a scanty overlying mixture of longer, gray tipped filoplumes; 

 later replaced by longer, thicker, and woollier, pure white down. 



Adult male—Wm^ 555-610 (580.5); tail 320-360 (337.4); culmen 

 from cere 37-41 (39.5); tarsus 101-122 (111.6) (one specimen 130!); 

 middle toe without claw 57-66 (60.5 mm.).^^ 



Adult female. ~Wmg 620-666 (633.2); tail 350-390 (366.2); culmen 

 from cere 41-47 (44); tarsus 103-123 (114.9); middle toe without claw 

 62-73 (67.5 mm.).^^ 



Range. — Resident in mountainous areas from northern Alaska 

 (Solomon, Fort Yukon, Point Barrow (scarce), Nome, Blind Slough, 

 Wainwright, Demarcation Point, Nushagak, Juneau, St. Michael; 

 Unga Island, Aleutian Islands) ; Mackenzie (Fort Good Hope, Mac- 

 Tavish Arm, Franklin Bay, Horton River); Athabaska; northern 

 Saskatchewan (Stone River) ; Keewatin (HeU Gate Gorge) ; Ungava 

 (Fort Chimo) ; northern Ontario (Cape Henrietta Maria) ; Labrador 

 (Lake Michikamau); Anticosti Island; Nova Scotia; and Repulse 

 Bay in the Eastern Arctic; south through British Columbia (Ducks, 

 Bear Creek, Nine-mile Mountain); Washington; Oregon (Swan Lake, 

 Fort Klamath, Tillamook); Cahfornia (Mount St. Helena, Nicasio, 

 Santa Cruz, Salinas, Santa Barbara, Escondido, San Diego, etc.); 

 to northern Baja California (San Quintin, San Fernando, La Grulla), 

 Sonora, Sinaloa, Durango, Guanajuato, Nuevo Le6n (Monterrey); 

 Durango (Ciudad); and Chihuahua (San Luis Springs), on the west; 



^2 Twelve specimens from California, Arizona, Texas, Kansas, Virginia, New 

 Jersey, Ungava, and Alaska. 



^^ Seventeen specimens from Sonora, California, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, 

 Virginia, Montana, Alberta, and Alaska. 



