556 BULLETIN 5 0, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



buff; top of head and longer upper tail coverts also cinnamon-buff; 

 dark fuscous of chapmani replaced by fuscous-black; size smaller; 

 tail with five or six incomplete light bands. 



Juvenal (sexes alike). — Similar to that of Herpetotheres cachinnans 

 chapmani, but blacker on the back and upper surface of wings; more 

 cinnamon-buff on head and underparts; the pale bands in the tail 

 bufher and smaller (reduced to large spots on all but the outermost 

 pair of rectrices) . 



Natal down.. — Similar to that of Herpetotheres cachinnans chapnnani. 



Adult male.— Wing 254-294 (267.1); tail 176-215 (201.6); culmen 

 from cere 22.5-27 (24.5); tarsus 57.8-71 (60.3); middle toe without 

 claw 42-44 (42.7 mm.). ^^ 



Adult female. —Wing 247-290 (267.3); tail 184-220 (201.7); culmen 

 from cere 22-26 (23.8); tarsus 55.7-66 (60.2); middle toe without 

 claw 40-44 (41.4 mm.).«° 



Range. — Resident from southern Central America from Nicaragua 

 and El Salvador south through Costa Rica to Panama and Colombia 

 (Alto Bonito; Antioquia; San Jose; Barbacoas), to western Ecuador 

 (Babahoj^o; Esmeraldas; Paramba), Peru, Venezuela, Surinam, and 

 northern Brazil. In El Salvador this race intergrades with chapmani, 

 but on the whole the birds of that country seem better placed with 

 chapmani. 



Type locality. — South America; restricted to Surinam. 



Falco cachinnans Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 90 (South America; ex 

 Rolander); ed. 12, i, 1766, 128.— Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 276.— Latham, 

 Index Orn., i, 1790, 37.— Daudin, Traits d'Orn., ii, 1800, 115.— Shaw, Gen. 

 Zool., vii, pt. 1, 1809, 156. 



Astur cachinnans Cuvier, Regne Anim., i, 1817, 320. — Schlegel, Mus. Pays- 

 Bas, ii, No. 4, livr. 1, 1862, 26, part (monogr.); No. 36, livr. 10, 1873, 68, part. 



Herpetotheres cachinans Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., xviii, 1817, 317, pi. 

 E 24, fig. 1. 



Herpetotheres cachinnans Cabanis, in Schomburgk's Reis. Brit. Guiana, iii, 1848, 

 738. — Gray, List Spec. Brit. Mus., pt. 1, Accip., ed. 2, 1848, 17, part (Brit. 

 Guiana); Hand-list, 1, 1869, 21, No. 298, part. — Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. 

 Av., i, 1850, 30, part; Rev. Mag. Zool., vi, 1854, 532, part.— Sclatbr, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. London, 1860, 288 (Babahoyo, w. Ecuador; food; fresh colors of 

 unfeathered parts), 298 (Esmeraldas, w. Ecuador) ; Ibis, 1873, 373 (Chontales, 

 Nicaragua). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vii, 1861, 289 

 (Panama Railway); ix, 1868, 132 (Costa Rica). — Sclater and Salvin, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1868, 629 (San Esteban, Venezuela); (?) 1873, 302 

 (Yurimaguas, e. Peru); Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 122, part; Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 London, 1879, 541 (Rem^dios, Cauca, Colombia). — Frantzius, Journ. fiir 

 Orn., 1869, 367 (Costa Rica).— Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1870, 214 



" Twenty-nine specimens from Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, 

 Ecuador, Venezuela, Surinam, and Peru. 



8" Twenty-seven specimens from Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, 

 Colombia, and Ecuador. 



