442 BULLETIN 5 0, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



Pterura (emendation) Gray, List Spec. Brit. Mus., pt. 1, Accip.; ed. 2, 1848, 14, 15. 

 Phaeoaetus Ridgwat, Smiths. Misc. Coll., Ixxii, No. 4, 1920, 2. (Type, by 



original designation, Falco lirmiaetus Horsfield (new name for Livinaeius 



Horsfield, 1830, not Limnaetus Bowdich, 1825.) 

 Limnaetops Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. Ind., ed. 2, Birds, vii, 1930, 408. (Type, 



by original designation, Limnaetops c. cirrhatus (Gmelin) =FaZco cirrhatus 



Gmelin.) 



Large eaglelike hawks (wing about 351-482 mm.), with tarsi densely- 

 feathered all around very nearly to base of toes; six outer primaries 

 incurved or bowed distally, their inner webs obliquely sinuated; wing 

 tip short, the longest primary extending but relatively little beyond 

 tip of the very broad inner (proximal) secondaries and exceeding 

 outermost (distal) secondary by less than one-fifth the length of wing; 

 tail more than three-fourths as long as wing, its tip distinctly rounded ; 

 median occipital feathers much elongated (the longest plumes as long 

 as or longer than tarsus, about five times longer than wide, of nearly- 

 uniform width throughout and with rounded tips), and with under- 

 parts black {S. iyrannus) or white broadly barred with black (S. 

 ornatus) in adults. 



Bill moderately stout, the culmen (chord) one-third or more as long 

 as tarsus, its depth at base of culmen about or more than one and a 

 half times as much as its width at same point; culmen rounded 

 (transversely), strongly or gradually and regularly decurved from 

 base, the maxillary unguis relatively long and strong, the maxillary 

 tomium concave anteriorly, convex or "lobed" in middle portion; 

 gonys distinctly convex basally, nearly straight and ascending ter- 

 minally; anterior outline of cere convex in front of nostril, receding 

 both above and below, the lower end about on line (vertically) with 

 posterior edge of nostril. Nostril obliquely vertical, broadly elliptical, 

 close to anterior edge of cere. Wing short but very broad, the longest 

 primary exceeding distal secondary by not much more than one-fifth 

 the length of wing and exceeding longest of the very broad proximal 

 secondaries by less than the length of culmen or about three times its 

 length; fifth primary (from outside) longest, the sixth but little 

 shorter, the first (outermost) very much shorter than tenth and also 

 shorter than distal secondary; outer sLx primaries with inner webs 

 obliquely sinuated, the three outermost incurved distally. TaU 

 three-fourths as long as wing or slightly more, slightly but distinctly 

 rounded, the rectrices very to only moderately broad (width of 

 middle pair equal to about one-fourth to one-sixth the length, from 

 point of insertion). Tarsus slightly to decidedly less than twice 

 as long as middle toe without claw, densely feathered all around, 

 except extreme lower portion; outer toe longer than inner, the latter 

 (without claw) extending to beyond penultimate articulation of 

 middle toe; hallux as long as inner toe, its claw decidedly longer than 



