BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 443 



the digit and twice as long as that of outer toe or more; all the claws 

 moderately to strongly curved and acute. 



Plumage and coloration. — Loral region unfeathered, but with sparse, 

 rather short, fine bristles; feathers of forehead rather short, broadly 

 cuneate, with rigid bristlelike shafts, those of crown and occiput 

 similar but becoming gradually larger posteriorly; two median 

 feathers of upper nape or lower occiput much elongated (in ornatus) 

 (longer than tarsus when fully developed), about five times as long as 

 wide, tapering slightly in width toward then- rounded tips; the feathers 

 of the nape and hind neck abruptly much larger and more elongated, 

 forming an erectile broad ruff; feathers of hind neck generally broad, 

 soft, and blended; plumage of body, etc., rather full, the feathers very 

 broad, broadly rounded terminally, distinctly outlined; feathers of 

 thighs rather short, not plumelike or only slightly so, those of tarsus 

 smaller and extended very nearly or actually to base of toes. Tail 

 crossed by several alternate bands of black and brownish gray; legs 

 barred or transversely spotted with black and white; coloration 

 variable; adults with pileum (including nuchal plumes) black, auric- 

 ular region, hindneck, and sides of neck and chest cinnamon or 

 fawn color, the throat, median foreneck, and rest of underparts 

 white, broadly barred on breast and abdomen with black in ornatus; 

 coloration mainly black or dusky in tyrannus. Young with head and 

 neck mostly white, without cinnamon or fawn color on neck and sides 

 of chest, and with underparts much more sparsely barred (mostly 

 along sides). 



Range. — Continental tropical America, from southern Mexico to 

 Paraguay and Argentina; Japan and China to southern Asia, the 

 Philippine Islands, the East Indies, and New Guinea. 



(Six species; three in the American Tropics; two in our region; the 

 third probably not a valid form.) 



Type. — Spizaetus ornatus (Daudin). 



KEY TO THE FORMS OF SPIZAETUS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 



c. Entire underparts predominantly white with markings of other colors. 



h. Top of head solid black S. ornatus vicarius, ad. (p. 444) 



bb. Top of head pale tawny-buff or white with dark markings. 

 c. Sides of breast and throat pure white. -S. ornatus vicarius, juv. (p. 445) 

 cc. Sides of breast and throat streaked and washed with brown. 



S. ornatus vicarius, imm. (p. 445) 

 aa. Entire underparts not predominantly white, largely black. 



b. Chin, throat, and breast solid black S. tyrannus, ad. (p. 448) 



bb. Chin, throat, and breast not solid black. 



c. Chin and middle of throat and of upper breast pure white. 



S. tyrannus, juv. (p. 449) 

 cc. Chin and middle of throat streaked with black; breast brown streaked 



with black and white S. tyrannus, imm. (p. 448) 



