BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 445 



narrower than the brown interspaces, the underside of the remiges 

 white where brown above ; five or six outermost primaries emarginated 

 on their inner web, the fifth from the outside the longest, the outermost 

 primary shorter than the rest of the primaries or the secondaries; 

 rectrices ashy hair brown narrowly tipped with dirty white, whitish 

 at the extreme base, and crossed by four broad black bands, the bands 

 as wide as the brown interspaces, or nearly so; under side of rectrices 

 white where brown above; lores and circumocular area sparsely clothed 

 with grayish short feathers, with fine, elongated, hairlike black shafts, 

 auriculars, cheeks, and sides of neck snuft' brown to mikado brown, 

 usually slightly more rufescent on the cheeks than elsewhere, this 

 color forming a broad gorget extending over the sides of the throat 

 and breast; a black malar stripe from the angle of the bill (under the 

 eye) demarcates the brown gorget from the pure white chin and middle 

 of throat and breast, the black line ending as a series of large spots 

 on the upper breast; abdomen, sides, flanlvs, thighs, under tail coverts 

 and under wing coverts white broadly barred with black, the bars 

 on the abdomen, sides, and flanlis about 10 mm. wide, as wide as the 

 white interspaces; the bars on the thighs narrow (3-5 mm. wide), 

 but the white interspaces there also equally narrow; the bars on the 

 under tail coverts rather few, narrow, and widely spaced, often paler 

 than the deep black abdominal ones; the under wing coverts more 

 spotted than barred, although the axillars are regularly barred; iris 

 orange-yellow; lores, circumocular area, and cere gra3dsh, greenish 

 yellow; bill black plumbeous basally; tarsi and toes yellow; claws 

 black. 



Immature (sexes alike). — Similar to the adult, but the top of head 

 and hind neck pale tawny buff blotched or longitudinally spotted 

 Vvdth fuscous-black, the back and wings with the black areas more 

 restricted and therefore showing more of the brownish color; cheeks, 

 auriculars, sides of throat and of breast whitish streaked, washed, and 

 blotched with snuff brown to mikado brown; rectrices crossed by six 

 or seven fuscous-black bars; abdomen rather less abundantly marked 

 with black; remiges more abundantly and more narrowly barred with 

 black; iris yellowish white. 



Juvenal (sexes alike). — Entire feathered part of head and nape 

 dirty white washed and blotched with pale tawny-cinnamon and with 

 narrow fuscous-black shaft streaks in many of the feathers; occipital 

 plumes bright wood brown with blackish shaft streaks and broad 

 blackish or fuscous-black margins, sometimes whitening terminally; 

 scapulars, interscapulars, back, rump, median and greater upper wing 

 coverts sepia to dark snuff brown; lesser upper wing coverts fuscous- 

 black to black narrowly tipped with white; remiges and rectrices as 

 in immature birds; upper tail coverts sepia barred with darker, and 



