BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 529 



Adult female. — Similar to the adult male, but larger, and with the 

 breast feathers always showing shaft streaks of wood brown to fuscous, 

 the streaks generally somewhat spatulate terminally. 



Juvenal male. — Similar to the adult male, but with both the 

 forehead and crown streaked with fuscous to fuscous-black; aU the 

 feathers of the upperparts conspicuously bordered terminally with 

 white or buify white, and the rectrices crossed by nine narrow dark 

 fuscous bands; underparts immaculate white; u'is bright orange-red 

 to dark brownish yellow; cere and upper mandible slate black; rictus 

 and base of lower mandible pale blue; eyelids black; tarsi and toes 

 greenish white; claws black. 



Juvenal female. — Similar to the juvenal male, but with the breast 

 feathers showing broad streaks or terminal arrow-shaped marks 

 of wood brown to fuscous; the nape and crown and the underparts 

 generally more tinged with pale cinnamon buff. 



N'atal down. — Dull sooty grayish or dusky above, tinged with rusty 

 or fulvous, relieved by a broad lighter stripe down the middle of 

 back and rump; a dusky stripe on sides of head, and other brownish 

 stripes on the wings and back; distal part of wing pale, proximal 

 part darker, more brownish; lower parts dull buffy white, the breast 

 and thighs slightly more tawny. 



Adult male.—Wmg 462-498 (477.4) ; tail 199-220 (208.8) ; culmen 

 from cere 31-34 (32) ; tarsus 58-63 (60) ; middle toe without claw 39-43 

 (41.8 mm.).«^ 



Adult female. —Wing 488-512 (503.7); tail 212-240 (225.4); cuhnen 

 from cere 32-36 (35); tarsus 58-68 (63.3); middle toe without claw 

 42-47 (44.9 mm.).^^ 



Range. — Breeds from northwestern Alaska (Nulato; Kuskoquim 

 River; Admhalty Island; WrangeU Harbor; Taku River; Sitka; 

 Nogheling River; Kowak River, etc.); northwestern Mackenzie 

 (lower Mackenzie River; Great Bear Lake; Fort Anderson; Fort 

 Good Hope); Keewatin and Ungava (York Factory; Fort Churchill; 

 Robinson Portage; Windy Lake; Grace River; Northwest River; etc.) ; 

 northern Ontario (Fort Stevens, James Bay) ; central Quebec; southern 

 Labrador; Newfoundland Labrador (uncommon; Sandwich Bay; 

 St. Lewis Sound; Rigolet; Nachvak; Kaipokok Bay; Eagle River; 

 Cape Charles; Jem Lane's Bay) ; and Newfoundland (Humber River) ; 

 south through Canada and the United States to Baja California 

 (both coasts; San Luis Archipelago); western Mexico (Tres Marias 

 Island; Guadaloupe Island; Cedros Island); Guatemala (the Pacific 



" Fifteen specimens from Alaska, British Columbia, California, New York, 

 Delaware, Maryland, Mexico, Florida, and Puerto Rico. 



88 Eleven specimens from Alaska, California, Maryland, Virginia, Texas, 

 Illinois, District of Columbia, Florida, and "Central America. 



