BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 425 



and the whole breast more washed with brownish and the rectrices 

 crossed by five black bands. 



Suhadult male. — Head as in adult, but paler, more buffy white, 

 less smoke gray above; occipital crest plumes only slightly elongated 

 and with only a small, u-regular, subterminal black patch; scapulars 

 and interscapulars as in adult, but very broadly fuscous mottled with 

 white basally and narrowly edged with fuscous to dark hair brown; 

 lesser upper wing coverts pale gray-drab finely freckled w^ith darker 

 and in some cases blotched with blackish; median and greater upper 

 wing coverts the same, but heavily blotched with black, the outer 

 greater primary coverts and the alula black tipped with fuscous; 

 remiges much more plainly banded black and mottled hair brown, the 

 secondaries and inner primaries crossed by five broad black bands, the 

 outer primaries by four; the folded wings give the upperparts a 

 decidedly mottled appearance; back, rump, and upper tail coverts 

 basally white, distally ashy gray mottled and subterminally broadly 

 barred with blackish; rectrices as in adult male; underparts as in 

 adult male, but the pectoral area somewhat paler and with no cinna- 

 mon bars on the abdomen, sides, flanks, thighs, under tail coverts or 

 under wing coverts. 



Suhadult female. — Similar to the subadult male, but somewhat 

 darker on the crown, occiput, nape, and pectoral area. 



Immature male}^ — Similar to the subadult male, but still paler, 

 more whitish, on the top of the head, and the entire underparts, 

 including the breast, white, the breast faintly freckled with smoke 

 gray. 



Juvenal male.^^ — Feathered parts of entu-e head, nape, interscapu- 

 lars, back, rump, upper tail coverts, and entke underparts white, the 

 crown and nape washed with smoke gray; the abdomen slightly tinged 

 with buffy; scapulars and upper wing coverts white washed Avith 

 smoke gray, the scapulars and the greater coverts much freckled with 

 hair brown and chaetura drab ; inner secondaries whitish freckled and 

 crossed by eight to ten irregular bars of hair brown to fuscous or 

 chaetura drab; other secondaries and inner primaries as in the imma- 

 tm-e male, but the gray interspaces paler, and broadly tipped with 

 white; outer primaries smiilar to those of immature plumage but with 

 more numerous dark bands and with the interspaces greatly reduced 

 in width ; rectrices smoke gray broadly tipped with white and crossed 

 by twelve or more irregular black bands, the bands becoming wider 

 and more oblique toward the base, the light interspaces freckled with 



'2 No females in this plumage seen. 



13 No Juvenal females seen. Dugand (Caldasia, No. 3, December 1941, p. 57) 

 describes one as paler above than the ju venal male, but otherwise essentially 

 similar to it. 



