BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 697 



Birds, 1939, 160 (field characters; Canada). — Taverner and Sutton, Ann. 

 Carnegie Mus., xxiii, 1934, 29 (Churchill, Manitoba; common summer 

 res.; nests; egg records). — Shields, Wils. Bull., xlvii, 1935, 74, in text (Bel- 

 mont County, Ohio; 1 record).— Youngworth, Wils. Bull., xlvii, 1935, 217, 

 in text (Fort Sisseton, S. Dak.; reg. migr.). — Baillie and Harrington, 

 Contr. Roy. Ontario Mus. ZooL, No. 8, pt. 1, 1936, 26 (Ontario; breed, 

 range). — Bond, Birds West Indies, 1936, 63, in footnote (West Indies; nest, 

 in Jamaica; egg meas.; crit.), 79 (West Indies; migr., descr., distr., local 

 names). — Lincoln, Bird-Banding, vii, 1936, 43 (2 banding recoveries). — 

 Tomkins, Wils. Bull., xlviii, 1936, 78, in text (Savannah, Ga.; seen).— Ulke, 

 Can. Alpine Journ., 1934-35 (1936), 79 (Yoho Park, Canada; summer; 

 rare). — Bagg and Eliot, Birds Connecticut Valley in Massachusetts, 1937, 

 163 (habits).— Miller, Condor, xxxix, 1937, 220 text (skel.).—SHORTT and 

 Waller, Contr. Roy. Ontario Mus. ZooL, No. 10, 1937, 17 (Lake St. Martin 

 region, Manitoba; not common; imm. spec). — Breckenridge, and Erring- 

 ton, Auk, Iv, 1938, 669, in text (Minnesota; nesting and food). — Taylor, 

 Auk, Iv, 1938, 525, text (Cape Hatteras, N. C; seen). — Lewis and Smith, 

 Auk, Ivi, 1939, 356, in text (Ottawa; "apparent nesting"). — Ricker and 

 Clarke, Contr. Roy. Ontario Mus. ZooL, xvi, 1939, 8 (Lake Nipissing, 

 Ontario; summer specs.; spring records). — Allin, Trans. Roy. Can. Inst. 

 xxiii, pt. 1, 1940, 96 (Darlington Township, Ontario; occas. vis.). — Craig- 

 head, Wils. Bull., lii, 1940, 241 footnote (Minnesota; nesting and behavior). — 

 Sutton and Burleigh, Auk, Ivii, 1940, 237 text (Las Vegas, Veracruz; 1 

 seen). — Snyder, et al., Contr. Roy. Ontario Mus. ZooL, No. 19, 1941, 45 

 (Prince Edward County, Ontario; rare spring and fall migr.). — Allan and 

 Sime, Wils. Bull., Iv, 1943, 32 (Texas Panhandle; stragglers or uncommon 

 migr.).— Fisher, Auk, Ixii, 1945, 126, 127 (flight and musculature).— 

 Woodbury and Russell, Bull, Univ. Utah, xxxv, 1945, 41 ("Navaho 

 Country," se. Utah and ne. Arizona; winter vis.). 



Falco (Aesalon) columbarius Kaup, Mus. Senckenb., iii, Heft 3, 1845, 258. 



Falco (Hypofriorchis) columbarius Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 

 1861, 216 (Groswater Bay and Henley Harbor, Labrador), 1866, 42, part 

 (Arizona). 



Falco {Aesalon) lithofalco h. var. columbarius Ridgway, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. 

 Hist., xvi, 1873, 46, part (Cuba; Jamaica; Guadeloupe; Wisconsin, part; 

 Massachusetts). 



Falco {Aesalon) lithofalco . . . var. columbarius Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, 

 and Ridgway, Hist. North Amer. Birds, iii, 1874, 144, part. 



Falco lithofalco var. columbarius Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. 

 North Amer. Birds, iii, 1874, 143, part. — Nelson, Proc. Essex Inst., viii, 

 1876, 118, 153 (ne. lUinois, rare summer res.). — Langdon, Journ. Cincinnati 

 Soc. Nat. Hist., 1879, 13 (Cincinnati, Ohio; rare migr.). 



Falco columbarius columbarius Bangs and Zappey, Amer. Nat., xxxix, 1905, 191 

 (Isle of Pines). — American Ornithologists' Union, Check-list, ed. 3, 

 1910, 165, part; ed. 4, 1931 75. — Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vi, 1910, 

 470 (Costa Rica). — Todd, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vii, 1911, 417 (New Provi- 

 dence Island, Bahamas); x, 1916, 195 (Isle of Pines, Sept.); Birds Western 

 Pennsylvania, 1940, 103 (w. Pennsylvania; descr.; life hist.; syn.). — 

 Arnold, Auk, xxix, 1912, 76 (Newfoundland, breeding). — Barrows, Michi- 

 gan Bird Life, 1912, 290.— Hartert, Vog. pal. Fauna, ii, 1913, 1077.— 

 Sage, Bishop, and Bliss, Birds Connecticut, 1913, 83. — Eaton, Birds New 

 York, ii, 1914, 101 (migi-.; habits).— Grinnell, Pacific Coast Avif., No. 

 11, 1915, 68, part.— Wetmore, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 326, 1916, 32 (Puerto 



