BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 723 



cinnamon-rufous or hazel; nape, scapulars, interscapulars, back, rump, 

 and upper tail coverts pale cinnamon-rufous to deep hazel, the nape 

 usually slightly tinged with apricot buff and with a small concealed 

 blacldsh spot, the scapulars and upper back crossed by a variable num- 

 ber of black bars, the bars usually somewhat wider in the middle pro- 

 ducing a flat, wedge-shaped, appearance; usually only one such bar 

 (subterminal) on any single feather of the upper back and smaller scapu- 

 lars, the bars becoming broader posteriorly; upper wing coverts slate 

 gray to slate marked with rather large and conspicuous cordate black 

 spots, sometimes rather sparsely distributed, sometimes very numer- 

 ous; primaries black with^6 to^9 broad transverse bars of white on the 

 inner webs, the white areas broader than the black ones and widening 

 toward the edge of the feather, where they are confluent; outermost 

 primary conspicuously notched on inner web, the next one gently 

 sinuated; second primary from outside the longest, then the third, 

 first, and fom-th (sometimes the third is equal to the second) ; primar- 

 ies, especially the inner ones, narrowly tipped with white; secondaries 

 basally black for two-thhds their length, then broadly slate and nar- 

 rowly tipped with white, the inner webs crossed by 4 to 7 white bars 

 sunilar to those of the primaries; tail rich hazel with a broad sub- 

 terminal band (20-30 mm. wide) of black, and tipped fairly broadly 

 (5-10 mm.) with white; the outermost rectrix with both webs 

 white, the inner one crossed by four broad incomplete black bars 

 anterior to the subterminal one; the next feather white on the terminal 

 third of the outer web, which is crossed at the base of the white area 

 by a black transverse spot, the inner web with a varying amount of 

 white on its lateral margin in its terminal third ;^^ superciliaries, chin, 

 throat, cheeks, and auriculars white; a black mustachial stripe begin- 

 ning in front of the bare anteorbital space and extending downward 

 across the malar region; another black stripe crossing the posterior 

 edge of the auricular area in the form of an oblong transverse dorso- 



" There is an enormous amount of individual variation in the tail pattern, not 

 correlated with age or geography. The extremes are as follows: U. S. N. M. No. 

 293641: All but the central pair of rectrices white crossed by the broad subtermi- 

 nal, and four narrower, but yet broad, black bands anterior to it, their basal third 

 or less suffused with rich hazel, the median pair with the hazel more extensive, 

 covering nearly half its length, the distal half slate crossed by three very incom- 

 plete and much narrower black bands and, of course, by the broad subterminal 

 one. U. S. N. M. No. 309410: The outermost pair of rectrices white on the outer 

 webs only which have four lengthwise black marks next to the shaft corresponding 

 in position and length to the width of the bars in the preceding specimen, the inner 

 web very pale cinnamon rufous with a broad subterminal black band; all the other 

 rectrices rich hazel with a broad subterminal black band, all the feathers tipped 

 with white. Between these two extremes, one finds all stages of intergrades. 



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