718 BULLETIN 5 0, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



mon; secondaries barred cinnamon and dull fuscous-brown, the inner 

 edge whitish like the tips, the innermost secondaries like the scapulars; 

 rectrices like the lower back, but averaging slightly paler, more or 

 less washed with grayish, tipped with whitish, crossed by a broad 

 (15-20 mm.) sub terminal fuscous-black band and by 10-12 narrow 

 ones anterior to this; lores like the forehead; cheeks and auriculars 

 less buff and the markings slightly duskier; mustachial stripe as in 

 male but washed with earth brown and less well defined; rest of under- 

 parts as in male, but with the wedge-shaped spots averaging more 

 numerous and larger, the thighs with m.ore of the dark streaks; under 

 wing coverts as in male; unfeathered areas and soft parts as in male. 



Juvenal (sexes alike). — Similar to the adult female on the upper- 

 parts, but slightly darker, the fuscous bars wider, equal to the cin- 

 namomeous interspaces on the upper back and scapulars, the cinna- 

 momeous darker, more rufescent, the tail and lower back v/ith very 

 little grayish Avash or none at all; underparts as in adult female, but 

 more broadly streaked with fuscous to dark sepia, the abdomen 

 streaked, not marked with wedge-shaped spots. 



Natal down. — White, replaced by pale buffy grayish down on the 

 upperparts as the bird grows. 



Adult male—Wmg 230-258 (243.5); tail 150-180 (166.5); culmcn 

 from cere 13-15 (13.8); tarsus 38-41 (39.5); middle toe without claw 

 25-28 (26.5 mm.).«» 



Adult jemale—Wmg 235-270 (252.2); tail 141-170 (157.3); culmen 

 from cere 14-18 (16); tarsus 40-42.5 (41.7); middle toe without claw 

 27-30 (28.5 mm.).^o 



Range. — Breeds in Europe from as far as latitude 70° N. in Scandi- 

 navia and latitude 63° N. in Russia, south to the Mediterranean and 

 to north Africa to the northern limit of the Sahara ; also in northern 

 and western Asia (western Siberia east to Tarbagatai and Altai). 

 Resident in the southern part of its range but absent in winter in the 

 Shetlands, northern Scotland, northern Europe, and northern Asia 

 generally. 



Winters from England and southern Europe to Togoland and 

 Nigeria, to Tanganyika Territory, India, China, and the Malay 

 Peninsula. 



Accidental in Iceland and Faroes, in Greenland (Cape Farewell, 

 one record), and in Massachusetts (Nantasket Beach, one record). 



Tyjpe locality. — Sweden. 



Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 175S, 90 (Europe); ed. 12, i, 

 1766, 127.— Gmelin, Syst." Nat., i, pt. 1, 1788, 278.— Latham, Index Orn., 



^^ Seven European specimens. 



'" Five European specimens. For measurements of long series, see Hartert, 

 Vog. pal. Fauna, ii, 1913, 1083. 



