AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 95 



of the Ctenodactylini tliis will be shown not to be true, as illustrated 

 by fig. 70. I have observed among the M antic or ini, as represented 

 by Amhlychila, Omus and Manticora, that the posterior coxse are sepa- 

 rated, the intercoxal process meeting the metasternum by an obtuse 

 articulation. The other tribes have these coxae contiguous. 



In a review of the opinions expressed by authors regarding other possi- 

 ble members of the Adephagous series we find the Paussidae included by 

 Burmeister (Mag. Zool. 1841, Ins. pi. 76), and the Rhysodidae by Crotch 

 (Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1873). These must be excluded for many 

 reasons, more especially as they fail to present the ventral structure which 

 may be safely taken as the key. If we admit them there is no reason why 

 some and after them all the Colydiid^e should not be admitted and the 

 door would be open to much of the Clavicorn series. It must be admitted 

 however that Faunsus is the nearest approach of the Clavicorn series to 

 the Adephaga the approximation in another direction being through the 

 ■ Byrrhida? and Parnidfe with however a very wide interval. 



Having established limits for the series as well as for the family 

 Carabidae, it will probably produce a better understanding of the subse- 

 quent pages if the various parts of the body are reviewed and their 

 modifications studied, so that a correct idea may be obtained of the 

 value to be assigned to each change of structure. 



CARABIDAE. 



Head. — The head is usually oval, rarely very broad (Pasimackm, 

 Enceladtis, Siagona) or very elongate. In the latter case the elongation 

 may be in front of the eyes as in Ci/thrus or behind them as in Camonia 

 and Morrnolyce. The neck is often suddenly constricted and sometimes 

 behind the constriction expandecl to a semiglobular condyle which admits 

 of very free motion of the head in every direction. The clypeus is usually 

 narrower than the front and more or less prolonged but in the L i c i n i n i 

 is not more prominent than the sides of the front. In DlcrocMle and 

 Zargus the central portion is membranous recalling the structure of that 

 of Necrophorus. 



The head is provided with sette which seem to be special tactile organs 

 and which from their constancy, as well in position as presence, have an 

 important bearing from a systematic point of view. The supra-orliital 

 setae may be either two or one in number or even entirely wanting as in 

 the Pseudomorphinas. When there are two setfe the anterior is situated 

 close to the border of the eye always in front of the middle, the posterior 

 is at a distance within the eye opposite the posterior margin. If one seta 



