ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION. XXVU 



fleshy part of the gall. These often become quite large, but are 

 generally eaten by birds, or become broken ofi" by the swaying of the 

 branch in the storms and winds. As they mature the galls become 

 irregular, crack and turn black with age, ultimately killing the twig 

 upon which they are situated. At this stage there is a small black ant 

 that gnaws into and makes it the abode of her countless progeny. 



Cyiiips q. clavigera n. sp. 



Galls. — Abrupt, irregular, woody, tuber-like swellings, varying greatly 

 in size, from a half to an inch and a quarter long by almost the same in 

 width, attached to the terminal twigs and branches; externally (at the 

 beginning of the season), it is smooth and resembles very much the gall 

 of Cynips q hatatoides, but later in the season it becomes rough with 

 deep fissures, through which issue spiny, succulent tubes, which secrete 

 a sticky honey-like substance ; internally, at first it is white and soft but 

 becomes brown and hard with age ; the tubes are thickened at base in 

 the centre of which the larva resides. 



Gail-Fly. — 9 • — Length .08 inch. Reddish-brown ; head and thorax very finely 

 punctate, face slightly aciculate, converging towards mouth; antennje long, 15- 

 jointed, first joint as long or almost as long as third, second globular, slightly 

 longer than wide, joints four to eight subequal, from nine to fourteen short, equal, 

 apical smallest; thorax, parapsidal grooves distinct, two longitudinal furrows 

 converging towards scutellum ; pleurse punctate ; scutellura finely rugoso-punctate 

 and bifoveolate ; abdomen brownish-black on dorsum, reddish-brown beneath, 

 smooth and shining and of a very peculiar shape; viewed from above it is as 

 usual, but viewed sideways it is much deeper than long, with the ovipositor pro- 

 jecting at an angle of forty-five degrees; with a quarter inch glass the segments 

 show that they are finely microscopically punctate; wings hyaline, veins yel- 

 lowish, areolet closed, the closing vein being faint and nearly hyaline, radial vein 

 and subcostal extend to costal edge but the subcostal does not extend along the 

 margin to radial vein, hence is open ; legs reddish-brown. 



Described from" one specimen taken from gall May 3d. 



The Gone Gall. 



A black or brownish-black conical gall, issuing from the bud axils 

 of the larger branches of Quercus laurifolia and Q. phellos, was dis- 

 covered early in April. They present a very anomalous appearance on 

 the branch. 



From numerous specimens gathered early in the season, I have bred 

 many parasites, principally Figifes, but no Ci/nips, and my description is 

 made from a dried specimen obtained by opening one of the galls. 



Cynips q. coiiif'era n. sp. 



Galls. — -Hard, conical, black or brownish-black galls, less than half 

 an inch or more long, by a quarter of an inch or more in diameter at 



